COLUKJE. 53 



specimen of this butterfly — a male of the wet foi'm, Libelled " Hecabe,'' which is 

 stated by the Librarian, Mr. A. W. Kappel, to be in Linne's ow)i handiuriting. This 

 specimen, on the upperside of the lorewiog, has the broad anterior portion of the 

 band angled at the middle of the upper median veinlet, and a broad posterior 

 portion, and also the broad band on the hindwing, this pattern of the bands being the 

 same as in that which we have described and figured, as typical Eecahe, in this work. 

 Petiver's insect is stated by that author to have cciie from " Luzon," 

 and his figure, in " Gazoph." pi. 28, represents the butterfly on the upperside, 

 with the band on forewing as being anteriorly somewhat narrowed (probably from 

 abrasion), and not angled at the upper median. This anterior angulation of the 

 baud is not represented in Clerck's drawing, but is well indicated in Edwards' 

 figure. We have, therefore, rejected Petivei^'s figure, as an erroneous identification 

 (by Linue). Petiver's figure agrees exactly with that given in Serapei''s Reis. Philip. 

 Lep. pi. 41, fig. 13, which is there given as the male of the Philippine representative 

 of Hccahe, and we have therefore assigned it to that local-group of species. 



Larva. — " Cylindrical, slightly depressed, long, rugose ; head lai'ge. Colour 

 green." 



Pupa " suspended by the tail and a moderately long band ; abdominal segments 

 round, the thorax much compressed ; wing-cases uniting to form a sharp keel, the 

 head case terminating in a short pointed snout. Ordinarily the pupa is solitary and 

 green. The favourite food of the larva, in the Kanara District, Bombay, is Sesbauia 

 aculeafa, a Monsoon annual; it also feeds readily on Cassia Tora" (Davidson and 

 Aitken, J. Bombay Is^. H. S. 1890, 359). 



Habits ov Imago; Larva; Pupa. — In Sumatra "All species of Terias are weak 

 on the wing, fly slowly, and never leave the ground for a high flight. They are all, 

 with the exception of T. Harina, found in open places, in gardens, on I'oads, and 

 near houses, the males frequently assembling in large numbers on wet spots on 

 roads, and by the sides of rivers and streams. T. Eecahe sometimes appears in 

 swarms, and its larva may then prove very destructive to Cassia plantations. 

 Cassia florida. is its favourite food-plant, on which the eggs are sometimes deposited 

 singly, as are the eggs of Catopsilia, but sometimes on a single leaf a large number 

 are placed in a rhomboid shape. In the latter case the green pilose larva with a 

 yellowish-white lateral streak and a black head live in societies, and the pupa are 

 also suspended sociably, a fact not pi'eviously, we believe, observed in Lepidoptera. 

 If the pupa hang from leaves they are green, if near flowers of the Cassia they are 

 yellow, and if the caterpillars leave the food-plant and pupate on certain high 

 Graminese they are blackish-browh like the seed of the grass. As tlie pupge are 

 arranged at regular distances apart, the deception is a very good one, and must 



