COLIINJE. 89 



received each named foinii from the Kliasia Hills (Tr. Enfc. Soc. 1893, 309). Mr. 

 H, J. Blwes records it as " not uncommon, in Sikkira, up to 3,000 feet from March 

 to December; and I have it from Nepal and Bhotan " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1888, 411). 

 Mr. L. de Niceville also records it from Sikkim, " being a common species at low- 

 elevations almost throughout the year. It is not, I think, seasonably dimorphic, 

 the innumerable varieties which are found in both sexes occurring at all times" 

 (Sikkim Gazetteer, 1894, 166). We possess specimens of the Wet and Dry form 

 from Nepal, taken by the late General G. Ramsay. In Ceylon, Mr. F. M. Mackwood 

 obtained it " principally in the lower and middle ranges. In the flights along the 

 sea-coast, beginning generally in November, this species of Catopsilia forms about a 

 third of the number, always travelling to the north ; the flights lasting for days, 

 thousands of them passing in an hour." Capt. Hutchinson found it " everywhere, 

 in the Plains and Hills up to 6,000 feet, in forest and cultivated land; have taken 

 them at almost all times. Flight strong and quick ; sits in crowds on damp spots 

 of roadside" (Lep, Ceylon, i. 122). Col. C. H. B. Adamson records it as being 

 " common throughout Burma. Sometimes met with in immense quantities after the 

 first shower of rain in April" (List, Burin. Butt. p. 41, 1897). Dr. N. Manders 

 found it " the most abundant of the Pierinse in the Shan States, and found 

 everywhere " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1890, 533). Mr. 0. Limborg obtained it in " Upper 

 Tenasserim, at Hatseiga, Nathoang, and Moolai, 3,000 to 6,000 feet" (P. Z. S. 

 1878, 837). Dr. J. Anderson obtained Grocale and Catllla at " Thaing, King 

 Island, Mergui Archipelago, in January ; and Catllla also at Elphinstone Island in 

 March, and in Mergui, in December" (J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1886, 49). We possess 

 it from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, taken by Mr. F. de Roepstorff. Mr. H. 

 Druce received it from " Siam " (P. Z. S. 1873, 355). Mr. J. H. Leech obtained it 

 at Kukiang, C. China. Mr. H. Fruhstorfer has received it from " Siam, Annam, 

 and Tonkin " (D. Ent. Zeit. 1902, 273). Mr. W. Distant obtained it from 

 " Province Wellesley and Malacca, Malay Peninsula, and Penang " (Rhop. Malay. 

 296). In Sumatra Dr. L. Martin observed " Crocale to be the commonest species of 

 Catopsilia : I have bred it, and Catllla, from found larvse, and have failed to discover 

 any differences in the larva and pupa. Crocale is enormously common, and occurs 

 throughout the year. The males ai^e fond of flowers, and especially of the Hibiscus 

 rosa-sinensls. The larva feeds on the leaves of Cassia florlda, and sometimes in 

 company with Cat. Pyranthe, on Cassia alata. Crocale is far the commoner form, 

 occurring on roads, near houses and gardens, and is never found in the forest. It 

 sometimes appears in great numbers, in which case the larvse are very destructive, 

 as in January, 1893, near the Poengei Estate, they destroyed in a short time a fine 

 plantation of young iron-wood trees. Cassia florlda, valued at least at $3,000, by 

 eating up all the leaves and suffocating the plants. All the grass, and every low 

 VOL. vii. N 



