FLORA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 119 



claws. Pod lh'~2' long, 2" iu diameter, smooth and glabrous, terete, 

 tipped with a thick subsessile stigma, and raised on a filiform glabrous 

 stipe of nearly its own length. 

 Coast of Oahu. Niihau. 



3. CAPPARIS Linn. [Pile] 



Sepals 4, imbricate in sestivatiou. Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens 

 very numerous (rarely definite or few) on a small hemispherical torus. 

 Ovary stipitate, 1-celled, with numerous ovules on 2 parietal placentae. 

 Berry globose or elongated, coriaceous, many-seeded; seeds lying in 

 pulp.— Trees or shrubs, often climbing, and frequently armed with 

 spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or nearly so, Avith spiny or 

 setaceous stipules. Flowers solitary or racemose, panicled or corym- 

 bose, generally white or cream-colored. 



A considerable geuus, cliiefly tropical, but a few species in the warmer temperate 

 regions of Europe and Asia. 



1. C. Sand wiCHiANA DC. (-E'mfni. iVb. 9.) A spreading shrub, 3°-4° 

 high ; unai'med. Leaves elliptical, entire, somewhat long pctioled, with 

 a very minute hairiness on the under side. Pedicels slightly longer 

 than the leaves, 1-flowered. One sepal very much larger than the 

 others and saccate, an inch or more long ; petals unequal ; stamens very 

 numerous, 2' long, longer than the white petals. Fruit on u much 

 curved stalk, 2' orS'loug i' or more in diameter, with its numerous 

 seeds in an orange-colored pulp. 



Coasts of the islands, in barren places, on lava and coral rock. Also on the Society 

 Islands. 



Order VI. VIOLACE^. 



Herbs or shrubs, with alternate stipulate leaves, and more or less 

 irregular perfect flowers, the sepals, petals and stamens 5 and hypogy- 

 nous, and a 1 - celled ovary with 3 parietal placentae, surmounted by a 

 style which is bent to one side at the apex ; the fruit a capsule ; embryo 

 straight and nearly as long as the fleshy albumen. Represented by the 

 principal genus, Violet, and by another which is peculiar to these is- 

 lands. 



Flowers irregular: the lower petal extended at the base into a spur 



or sac: filaments broad and short, 1. ViOLA. 



Flowers almost regular, no spur : filaments slender, 2. Isodendeion. 



1. VIOLA Linn. 



Sepals nearly equal, produced beyond their insertion at the base. 

 Petals spreading, the lower often much the largest and saccate at the 

 base. Stamens with proper filaments very short or obsolete ; the con- 

 nective dilated, membranaceous, and produced above the anther into 



