24 FOOTE : SOUTH MAHRATTA COUNTRY. 



course of the river. On the north side of the Krishna he noted the 

 great quantity of tufaceous matter deposited on the surface of the 

 gneissic rocks, and further up the valley of the Hirri or Bagewari nullah, 

 near Behlal, the peculiar effect produced by the weathering of the basaltic 

 trap into a wacke in which the concentric lamellae are extremely 

 conspicuous around the hard basaltic nuclei which stand up over surfaces 

 like so many badly-laid paving stones in an old road. 



Captain Newbold-'s third paper commences with a capital sketch 

 of the geological features at and around Bijapur. In one point, how- 

 ever, he was mistaken, namely, in supposing that the flat-topped hills to 

 the north-west horizon showed walls of sandstone ; they are purely trap- 

 pean in composition. He noticed the subaerial conglomerate formed 

 by the union of lateritic gravel and nodular kankar by a calcareous 

 cement, whicli occurs on the high ground south of Bijapur. His route 

 then ran outside the area here treated of, but he re-entered near Talikot, 

 where he saw the limestones (of the lower Bhima series) and noticed 

 the lithographic character of some of them. The mill-stone quarries at 

 Kuntoji near Muddebihal in the basement sandstone bed of the Bhima 

 series also attracted his attention. 



In the Raichur Doab he noticed the occurrence of granitoid rocks 

 near Kannaghiri south of the schistose tract described in the second 

 paper. 



He concluded the third paper with some remarks on the extent of 

 the Deccan trap area, which he estimated at 250,000 square miles. 

 With his characteristic acuteness he had perceived what all his pre- 

 decessors had failed to do, that the trappean rocks, diorites, basalts, 

 &c., occurring as dykes in the gneissic region, were of much greater 

 geological age than the flows of the Deccan trap period. 



His fourth paper is a sketch of the country lying along the right 

 bank of the Gatprabha from its junction (or Saugam) with the Krishna 

 westward as far as the falls of Gokak, and thence south-westward to 



{ ^4 ) 



