26 i'OOte: south mahratta couktuy. 



limestones ; these are interesting, for, with one exception, they are the 

 only trappean intrusions met with in the Kaladgi basin. 



He further pointed out the existence of several sandstone outliers 

 west of Kaladgi, especially the Manikeri (Munnikerry) ridge, and the 

 overlying trap formation ; also the loose sandstones occurring at Upar- 

 hatti, which he recognised as newer than the compact quartzites and 

 sandstones below the trap, and held to be probably associated with 

 the laterite. He did not observe that these beds are overlaid by trap and 

 are true inter-trappean beds containing an Unio (^Beccanensis). He 

 then described the geological features of Gokak, and gives an admirable 

 account of the great fall of the Gatprabha, which will be referred to 

 frequently when treating of the Gokak section. 



He next describes the country between the fall and Belgaum, pro- 

 ceeding via Padshahpur across nearly horizontal beds of sandstone 

 nearly to Belgaum, when trap is again met with, which is overlaid by 

 laterite in the town and part of the cantonment. After noticing the 

 special mineral peculiarities of the basaltic trap hills around the town, 

 he points out their generally rounded form.* His remarks on the 

 country included in the area here reported on are concluded by his 

 noticing the hsematitic, silicious schists and hornblendic schist beds 

 lying between the southern boundary of the trap area and the Malprabha 

 river. 



In his remarks on the classification of rocks, he points out that, 

 in the absence of any organic remains, and without a siuo-le associated 

 stratum having had its geological horizon determined, Dr. Christie was 

 not warranted in referring the rocks of the South Mahratta Country 

 to the epochs of the transition, grauwacke and old red sandstone of 

 Europe as then defined, and himself adopts a classification of relative 



* These rounded forms are, however, only found in the small hills near Belgaum. The 

 larger and more distant masses, especially those capped by the iron-clay (laterite) beds, 

 are characterised by true table tops. 

 ( 26 ) 



