INTRODUCTORY. 5 



of this report ; but nowhere was any special relation observed between 

 such terraces and the occurrence of cotton soil spreads. The latter cover 

 rocks of all ages promiscuously. 



Two principal spurs run nearly parallel from the crest of the Gh^ts 



for a great distance eastward through our area. 



Eastern spurs. ^ 



Of these, the northern one begins on the edge of 

 the Ghats just above the famous Hill fort Manohargarh, runs north-east 

 for more than 30 miles, then trends east and, north-east-by-east till it 

 reaches Chikori, after which it runs due east for about 50 miles; and 

 then runs east-south-east till it is cut hy the valley of the Ghatprabha 

 close to the junction of the latter river with the Krishna. It re-appears 

 again as a low ridge east of the Ghatprabha, and continues eastward 

 along the south bank of the Krishna till it joins the Sitadongar, the 

 northern end of a transverse ridge, which joins the two great spurs. For 

 want of a better name, this line of heights may, for brevity, be called the 

 North Ghatprabha Spur. 



The second great spur which may be considered, called the North 

 Malprabha Spur, starts from the north side of the Talkat Ghat. It soon 

 rises into the high ridge called the Kasar Sadda, then sinks greatly to the 

 north of Chandgarh, but rises again in the high ridge of the Gandharva- 

 garh j it is then cut by the narrow valley of the Tambraparni (Tambur- 

 phurnee) River at Rajguli, beyond which the spur runs east for nearly 

 forty miles, broken, however, by the deep narrow valleys of several large 

 nullahs (the Islampur, Markandeya, Belgaum, Kelvi, Iranhatti (Eerun- 

 huttee) and Nandi nullahs) . Further east the spur is not broken through, 

 and forms the watershed between the Ghatprabha and Malprabha Rivers 

 for fully fifty miles. It joins the transverse ridge above referred to after 

 having crossed the valley of the Ghatprabha near Kamatgi, and terminates 

 at the junction in the Amingarh hill in longitude 76° East at a distance of 

 130 miles from the Ghats, which may, for convenience, be called the North 

 Malprabha Spur. A branch spur is given off from the main one in 

 longtitude 75° 25' East. The branch trends east-south-east, and then 



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