kalXdgi series. 73 



period elapsed between the upheaving and contortions of the Kaladgi 

 series, and the outpouring- of the Deccan trap-flows, would be abun- 

 dantly clear from a consideration of the vast amount of denudation the 

 older set of rocks had undergone, even if no other evidence existed to 

 indicate how vast an interval of time had elapsed. 



A. — Lower Kaladgi Series. 



The base of the Kaladgi series, wherever seen, reposes on the gneissie 



rocks, the surface of which was in some parts very uneven, so that the 



basement beds of the younger groups of rocks may in some places be 



seen to lap round prominences rising from the surface of the older rocks. 



The silicious members of the Lower Kaladgi rocks seem to be made 

 up entirely of materials derived from the degradation of the gneiss series, 

 and in many beds of the former it is quite possible to distinguish from 

 what members of the gneissie series the constituent materials were 

 derived. 



This lower series has been sub-divided into two principal sections in 

 accordance with the natural petrological sequence observed, and the lower 

 of the two sections is again divisible into three sub-sections. They are 

 as follows : — 



IL 4. Limestones, clays, and shales. 



f 3. Sandstones and shales. 



I. < 2. Silicious limestones and hornstone breccias. 



( 1. Quartzites, conglomerates, and sandstones. 



The three lower sub-divisions are, however, so intimately connected 

 in the field that it will be advantageous to consider them together in the 

 same section. 



I. — The Lower Kaladgi quartzites conglomerates, breceias, and sand- 

 stones. 

 The basement beds of the Lower Kaladgi series, which constitute sub- 

 section No. 1, consist of conglomerates, grits, sandstones, and quartzites 

 of great thickness in the aggregate. These form the bulk of the rocks 

 K ( 73 ) 



