KALADGI SERIES. 115 



Section II. — The Lower Kalddgi limestones, shales, and clay schists. 



The limestone and associated shales are, as already pointed out, 



restricted to the north-eastern quarter o£ the Kaladgi basin, and Mdthin 



this limit they are found almost invariably to occupy the lowest ground, 



risino" hardly anywhere into elevations sufficient in size to be called 



hills. The area they occupy may truly be called 

 The limestone basin. , ,. , ■■ • ^,^• i-t t •■ p ,-> 



a subordmate basm withm the hmits ot the 



Kaladgi basin, and with boundaries fairly parallel in many parts to those 



of the great basin. The western boundary of the limestone basin is 



formed almost entirely by the overlying trap flows. A small number of 



limestone inliers occur in the trap area, beyond the north-western corner 



of the limestone basin. Several of these inliers are important from 



their size. South of the limestone basin are five outliers, two of which 



only are of moderate size, the other three being very small, while on the 



north side there are three on the very edge of the Kaladgi basin 



itself. 



The limestone basin includes within its area a number of minor 

 basins and outliers of rocks (quartzites, limestones, and shales) lying 

 conformably on it, and forming the upper division of the Kaladgi 

 series. 



From the fact of their occupying such low lying positions, these rocks 

 are greatly more obscured by superficial deposits, especially cotton soil 

 and quasi-lateritic gravel and conglomerates, than might be expected 

 from the large area over which they occur. The lower and upper beds 

 are all soft and shaley in character, hence are very rarely well seen in 

 sections, and owing to this difficulty and to the great amount of contor- 

 tion the beds exhibit in very many parts of the area, even quite near the 

 centre, it was found impossible in the time at command to arrive at any 

 satisfactory conclusions as to the actual relations of this section of the 

 Lower Kaladgi series. 



( 115 ) 



