KALADGI SERIES. 129 



appear to be argillo-talcose, and are full of small rhombohedral 

 crystals of limonite, pseudo-morphous doubtless of some other mineral 

 (? calcite) . The quartz veins also enclose some of the crystals in ques- 

 tion. No section could be found showing the relation of the schists to 

 the surrounding limestones, as thick cotton soil covers all the margin of 

 the schist area. It is therefore doubtful to what age to assign them. 

 It is not impossible but that the schists are a protruding mass of the 

 gneiss simply surrounded by the overlying limestone ; but it might 

 also be that these schists are merely highly altered shales belonging to 

 the Lower Kaladgi series. The quartz veins which offer no peculiarities 

 worthy of note extend a little further west-north-west among the lime- 

 stones south-east of Hoskatti, and are finally lost under the great 

 covering of cotton soil. Another set of rather irregular veins with a 

 course east 5° north — west 5° south occurs among the limestone spreads 

 south-west of Hoskatti (Lokapur synclinal valley). 



JB. Upper Kaladgi Series^. 

 ^Resting conformably on the lower series come the quartzites and 



overlying limestones, clay rocks and shaley beds 

 Synclinal ellipses. 



forming the Upper Kaladgi series and occupying a 



number of small basins which form elliptical synclinal valleys^ as the 



Shimakeri, Anathilli, and Lokapur valleys, and several others which form 



imperfect ellipses, the most important of these being the Arrakeri valley 



north of Kaladgi, and the Yenktapur valley north of Yadwad. Nearly 



all the outliers of these quartzites will be seen to be the remains of former 



syn<jlinal foldings. The long westerly extension of the south side of the 



Arrakeri synclinal is also a remarkable feature in this part of the 



country because of its many sharp curves. A few small outcrops form 



inliers in the Deccan trap area within the limits of the Mudhol State. 



Though properly divisible into two sub-groups as shown in the table 

 of the Kaladgi series at page 71, the two sub-groups may preferably be 

 considered together^ 



R (139 > 



