130 FOOTE : SOUTH MAHRATTA COUNTRY. 



The quartzites are very uniform in character throughout^ and may 



therefore be dismissed with but a brief description. 

 The upper quartzites. 



As a rule, they are pale-colored and frequently con- 

 glomeratic, while local patches of brecciation are by no means rare, and 

 occur almost invariably where the strata are much flexed. 



A glance at the map will show that a strong degree of parallelism 

 Axes of the syncliuals ^^^^^^ between the axes of the several synclinal 

 all parallel. basins showing that they owe their origin to a set 



of great foldings formed by forces acting mainly in the direction of 

 north-by-east to south-by-west. The parallelism holds good also to a 

 great extent with the principal foldings of the underlying Lower Kaladgi 

 rocks ; the lateral pressure evidently, therefore, supervened towards the end 

 of the period of deposition of the whole system, or was due to the up- 

 heaving action by which the Kaladgi basin was converted into dry land. 

 This great upheaving, and a subsequent prolonged period during which 

 the rocks underwent an immense amount of erosion, had evidently taken 

 place prior to the outpouring of any of the local trap -flows, as is dis- 

 tinctly to be seen from the position the trap occupies in the eastern part 

 of the Arrakeri synclinal valley and along the north side of the Jembigi 

 ridge. 



The relation of the synclinal basins to the underlying rocks is well 



illustrated by Sections 1, 2, and 3 in Plate VIII. The Upper Kaladgi 



series nowhere extends beyond the actual limits 

 Geographical limits. 



of the limestone basin, and the area it occupies is 



extremely small when compared to that of the lower series. 



Of the several basins which the upper series forms, that of Anathilli 

 IS the most instructive, although the smallest, because its form and area 

 may be taken in at one coup d'ceilj while the others, i. e., Shimakeri, 

 Lokapur, and Yenktapur, are too extended to be comprehended except by 

 study from several points. 



( 130 ) 



