CHAPTER V. 



The Bhima (Karnul) Seeies. 

 Some eight miles to the eastward of the extreme north-east corner of 

 the Kaladgi basin commences another series of sub-metamorphic rocks 

 differing" considerably in petrological character from the Kaladgi series, 

 and resembling very closely in many respects the Karnul series, the 

 younger of the two sub-metamorphic series occupying so large a tract 

 on the eastern side of the Peninsula. The older series, or Kadapa 

 series, on the contrary, as already mentioned, strongly resembles the 

 Kaladgi series just described. To the younger series in the Bhima and 

 Krishna valleys the very suitable name of Bhima series has been given 

 by my colleague Mr. King. 



As no recognised members of either the Kaladgi or Bhima series 

 have been met with in contact, and therefore no stratigraphieal evidence 

 exists to assist in determining their identity or difference, that determi- 

 nation has had to be made entirely on the grounds of petrological 

 dissimilarity, which is very marked. This determination is strengthened 

 by the analogy of the two groups on the eastern side of the Peninsula, 

 between which a very clear and great break has been shown to exist. 



The four sections given on Plate IX illustrate very well the structure 

 of the western and eastern parts of the basin occupied by the Bhima 

 series. The central part is much more complex and will be separately 

 illustrated. 



The series may be divided into two divisions, upper and lower, 

 with the following sub-divisions, a full list of which will be found 

 further on : — 



B. — Upper Bhima series. 

 g. Red shales. 

 f. Flaggy limestones. 

 e. Buff shales. 

 d. Quartzites (local?) 

 c. Limestones — " Talikot^-* beds. 



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