BHIMA SERIES. 151 



The limestone is directly overlaid by the trap-flows, but I did not 



see a single section in which the contact of the two formations was well 



exposed, so I could not ascertain to what extent the metamorphic action 



of the trappean heat may have extended. Such points of contact were, 



however, observed by Mr. King, and are thus 



Effects of heat of 

 trap-flows on the Bhima described by him : "West of Tengalli (Tengully), 



on the Bennathora river, twenty miles east-south- 

 east of Gulbarga, there is a long spur-plateau of compact grey basaltic 

 trap with olivine, capping limestones and clayey calcareous shales which 

 appear to be reddened to the depth of a foot or so, but below that are 

 grey or purplish and earthy. 



"Again, in the outlier some five miles north of Tengalli (Tengully), 

 the same flow overlies much more compact and splintery beds of fawn- 

 colored limestone, which in some places have assumed a white color and 

 a more crystalline texture when in contact with the overlying trap.-*' 



Other cases of similar character in higher-lying limestones and 

 shales will be mentioned further on. 



Small " sinkings in " of the limestone at the surface are very 

 sinking down of lime- commonly to be met with; these are apparently 

 stone surfaces. ^^^ ^^ ^^^ action of Springs which have dissolved 



away part of the underlying mass and then caused the overlying parts 

 to fall in. These "sinkings in''-' affect the apparent position of the 

 limestone frequently, but only over very limited areas, and are, as a rule, 

 easily distinguished from cases of normal dip. 



The limestone beds have been much wasted by the indirect action of 



the weathering agencies, which have worn away the underlying soft 



shaley sandstone to a very much larger degree than the hard compact 



limestone capping it. Great masses of the limestone have been thrown 



down and broken up, and remain in many places in 

 Landslips due to more 



rapid weathering of the the form of a talus at the foot of the limestone and 

 shaley sandstone scarps, and furnish the principal 



(151 1 



