168 FOOTE : SOUTH MAHRATTA COUNTRY. 



Similar coarse shingle is to be largely seen at Nagurhal^ east of the 

 Yellurgarh Trigonometrical Station hill near Belgaum, just at the boun- 

 dary of the lowest trap-flow ; but in this case it is mainly made up of 

 gneiss and quartz pebbles^ quartzite pebbles occurring^ but rarely. The 

 former existence of the infra-trappean beds is indicated by large deposits 

 of quartzite shingle at Ghonchi and Narsapur^ north of Torgal, and 

 also at Kerur (Kehroor), and the adjacent villages of Malgi and 

 Halkurki (Hulkoorkee) . Along the boundary of the trap south-east 

 of Aksurkop, a great deal of the infra-trappean shingle there exposed 

 has been cemented into a sub-aerial conglomerate by a recent formation 

 qf hard calcareous tufa. 



Far removed from the present boundaries of the Deccan trap area, 

 Old gravels supposed ^^t in all probability a relic of the pre4rappean 

 to be pre-trappean. ^^^^^ -^ ^ deposit of shingle lying on very high 



ground at Gundasagur (Goondasagur) and Kachapur, six miles north- 

 north-west of Mudgal (Moodgul) in the Raichur Doab, Here the 

 surface of the syenite-gneiss is strewn thinly over with quartzite shingle, 

 with a few pebbles of gneissic rock. The quartz- 



At Kachapur. . , . , . 



ite shingle is well rounded and water-worn, but 

 there is no existing stream which could have brought it there. The 

 elevation of this patch of shingle is certainly not less than 300 or 400 

 feet above the cantonment of Ling Sugur, which itself is more than 

 1,500 feet above sea-level. The Krishna river also flows at a level lower 

 by several hundred feet than the Kachapur plateau, which is the highest 

 ground for many miles around, while the shingle lies but little below the 

 apex of the plateau. There are now no quartzites whence such shingle 

 could have been derived nearer than the Amingarh and Hanamsagar 

 hills, the nearest of them twenty-seven miles oflP, and separated by several 

 wide and low-lying valleys ; it is clear, therefore, that the shingle in ques- 

 tion must be the remnant of an old conglomerate, formed at a period 

 when the shape of the ground admitted of currents carrying quartzite 

 pebbles to so elevated a point in the gneiss country. The shingle has 

 ( 168 ) 



