242 foote: south mahratta country. 



considerable labour for their extraction. In the former bed, which occurs 

 at Kaira on the left bank of the Malprabha^ five miles south by east 

 of the town of Badami, the gravel bed is seen in the bank of the river 

 at ordinary flood level ; in the second case, the gravel occurs in the 

 middle of the stream bed, three miles south of the junction of the Benni- 

 halla and the Malprabha. 



A great bed of gravelly kankar, with quartzite shingle and a few 

 large chipped implements of good quality, occurs between Hire and 

 Chik Mulingi (Heera and Chick Mootingee), about twenty miles above 

 Kaira. 



This part of the country seems to have been a centre for the im- 

 plement makers, for implements of all sorts — axes, spear-heads, and 

 scrapers in great variety — occur scattered in large numbers over the 

 surrounding country, wherever the red lateritie sub-soil is exposed, e. g., 

 north-west of Kaira, and between Somankop and Chamankatti (Chu- 

 munkuttee) north of the basement quartzite ridge. The implements 

 found in the river beds must have been carried a very small distance 

 by water action, for they shew very little or no sign of attrition. 



The lateritie soil just mentioned does not belong to the alluvium, 

 but is older and most likely in part of subaerial and in part of lacustrine 

 origin (see ante, page 231). 



Gravel beds of undetermined origin, but probably lacustrine, or 



fluviatile, were observed at two places — one near 

 Gravels of Tolanmatti. 



Kaladgi, at a place called Tolanmatti, thirteen miles 



north-east of that station, the other along the foot of the Katharigarh 



(Kuttargurh) bills, near the village of Tolur 

 Of Tolur. 



(not marked in map), about eight miles north-west 



of Manoli. 



Both of these gravel beds consist mainly of quartzite pebbles, and 

 Stone implements in ^^^^ jielded chipped stone implements, those in 

 ^^*'^' the Tolanmatti gravel occurring in situ, imbedded 



about 3 feet below the present surface of the ground. 

 ( 242 ) 



