248 FOOTE : SOUTH MAHRATTA COUNTRY. 



A good example of a re-formed conglomerate, |in which the pebbles 

 and gritty sand formed by weathering of gritty pebble beds, have been 

 recemented by calcareous tufa, occurs on the north side of the Jam- 

 khandi hills, where it rests upon and masks the boundary of the Deccan 

 trap for a considerable distance. The original pebble beds belong to the 

 Lower Kaladgi quartzite series. 



h. — Tiifaceous Deposits. 



Of calcareous tufa formations three classes occur, — the first, in which 



„ , . the tufa forms solid masses of rock : the second. 

 Calcareous tufa deposits. 



in which the calcareous matter occurs in detached 

 gravel-like ^ nodules or true " kankar ;" the third is the root-like 

 cylindrical form occurring in matted aggregations in the banks 

 of streams. The former was rarely noticed in any quantity, and in only 

 one c^se is deserving of notice ; the two latter are extremely common and 

 are invariable accompaniments of true regur. 



The only noteworthy example of the first class occurs a little south 



of Banshankri Pagoda, a celebrated shrine 2i miles 

 Massive tufa. 



south-east of Bddami. An area of several acres 



in extent is there covered with large irregular masses of a perfectly 

 concretionary tufaceous limestone, unlike anything belonging to the older 

 limestones of the district. No section was seen shewing the relation of 

 this tufa to the underlying rock, but it is very likely that it covers a thin 

 feed of calcareous shale, such as occurs further west, or from which the 

 calcareous matter was doubtless brought down by the streams, I am 

 inclined to think this tufa is in part certainly due to human agency 

 in damming up the large nullah which flows past Banshankri from the 

 west. A large swamp has been formed to the west in an otherwise per- 

 fectly arid sandy valley. 



Of the second class of tufaceous deposits, only two accumulations of 

 ^ 11 t f V kankar gravel, both lying on the Deccan trap, 

 ^^^- deserve special notice. 



( 248 ) 



