ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 263 



answered well^ as they are no longer in use for that purpose. In the same 

 way, there is now no longer any demand for the hones that used formerly 

 to be quarried in a bed of very hard clay schist at Khaterld, north of 

 Belgaum. ' 



The limestones of the Lower KaMdgi series* are used to some extent 

 as building-stone, and a series of experiments tried in the jail by Dr. R. 

 Thorpe, when Zillah Surgeon of Kal^dgi, shewed that many varieties 

 were capable of taking a high polish, and thus forming marbles of 

 great beauty and value for decorative purposes. Some beds are locally of 

 sufficiently fine and close texture to be available for lithographic pur- 

 poses j in this respect, however, they are inferior to other limestones of the 

 Bhima series to be mentioned a little further on. 



A black clay slate, with delicate green bands, occurring at Kaladgi 

 would also yield a very beautiful stone for decorative purposes. 



In some places the purple shales are dug out and ground down to 



Shales used as "wash" ^® "'^*^ ^^ ^ ^^'^ for houses and Walls ; white 

 for houses. shales are also sometimes similarly used. The 



former are worked near Kaladgi, the latter at Eeddi Timapur, in Badami 

 Taluq. 



Iron ore is worked to a very limited extent in the Kaladgi series : 



\stly, at Bisnal, nine miles west of Bilgi, where it 

 Iron ore. _ ^ 



occurs as silicious red haematite schist (see p. 84)-; 

 this ore is smelted at Siddapur and Jainmatti (lehnmutte), two villages 

 in the neighbourhood ; '^ndly, brown hsematite, forming the matrix in a 

 hornstone breccia occurring at Bassargi (Bussurgee,p. 112), is smelted at 

 Teggihal, both villages on the banks of the Malprabha between Manoli 

 and Torgal. 



The annexed sketch shews the form of smelting furnace used at 

 Siddapur, and also at Sidanhal (Seedunhal) near Aiholi, on the right 



* See page 116 for an account of the varieties met with and localities where they are to 

 be found. 



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