GENERAL GEOLOGICAL NOTES. 29 



here and there, blocks appear of a tough conglomeritic sandstone, con- 

 taining small rolled pebbles of quartz and hornstone, and including little 

 cavities more or less completely filled with hydrous iron oxide. The 

 most ferruginous parts of the rock pass into a very impure, arenaceous 

 cellular limonite. The continuation of this band is found in the low 

 swelling ridge, just south of the Dhodar Alii, between the Saffrai and 

 Taukak, on which the Naphuk and other tea gardens are situated. It 

 is not improbably, also, the continuation of this rock in the opposite 

 direction that is met with on the ascent of the first range of hills south 

 of Giliki G-uard. 



A thinner band of similar rock is found in the Dikhu valley close to 

 the junction with the coal-measures, as well as on the summit of the ridge 

 to the north of the Sanga jan. In the latter locality it is associated with 

 a coarse sandstone, such as is occasionally met with in the Tipam group, 

 made up in part of quartz grains as big as peas. 



Seams of coal are not altogether unknown in the Tipam beds, 

 although they are very infrequent and of insignificant thickness. Thus, 

 on the bank of the Disai, a three-inch layer of flakey coal was observed 

 in clunchy strata, and in the Dukona nadi, south of Giliki Guard, there 

 is a bed very similar in appearance to those in the true coal-measures, 

 although included in strata belonging, almost beyond doubt, to the 

 younger group. There is about two feet six inches of coal, split up into 

 several layers by interbanded shale. 



Besides the above true seams, layers of ' coal conglomerate,* or con- 

 glomeritic sandstone containing rolled pebbles of coal from the coal- 

 measures, are of not very infrequent occurrence ; as in the (Janji) Tiru, 

 Safirai, and Dabbo. 



Silicified wood occurs in great abundance, numberless pieces of it 

 being washed down the streams which traverse the Tipam beds. More 

 or less completely carbonised stems of wood, in which often some of the 



vessels are filled with pyrites, are common near the top of the group. They 



t 397 ) 



