THE 
JULY 4, 1874.] 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
15 
- at the King irene E: Offi 
jipa illustration 
Noteworthy Horticulturists and Botanists. 
OTICE.—A SERIES of PORTRAITS of 
ers Saar ee 
ge Copies (price 62. ae 
pplication to the Publisher, viz 
Pom: Hooker, C. B., Pres. RS. a BaTEMAN, F.R.S. 
W.  Wrtson ERTHOLD orc dnd Ph.D. 
ARCHIBALD F. BARRON. 
Rev. M. J. BERKELEY, F.L.S. | Hon. MARSHALL P. WILDER. 
M. DECAISNE. Joun GIBSON 
- G. F. Witson, F.R.S. Professor AsA GRAY 
. Moore, of Glasnevi I. ANDERSON-HENRY. 
Professor REICHENBACH Professor KARL bee 
Rev. S. R. Hote, M.A. Baron von MUE 
E. J. Lows, F.R.S. Joun SMITH (Kew). 
gues McNab. Professor WES 
| ROBER G, LL, D. Dr. THwal 
Dr. Rec Professor Bam. x 
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me 
SATURDAY, FULY 4, 1874. 
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 
Implement trial at Bedford commence: 
MONDAY, July sf Meeting of ne ki ntom ologi ical Society ot 
Midland Candies 
Tu and Horticul 
at Tay? a Aad Exhibition 2 at r in E 
veers ian Hortic ale ural Society's 
Bish Stortford H ai ul 
aor days) Show orticultural Society's 
winked: July 84 aoe Horticu’ Society’s Exhi- 
watien of En land R 
Wisbech Sey se hg Eo 
as at Show in — Exhi- 
Altrincham a an peate a mimea eso 
FRIDAY, July 
midland Ce Counties Grand Exhibition at Bir- 
mingham closes. 
OST of us remember the use that PALEY 
the watch as an evidence of 
design, and of necessity of a designer. Twenty 
hirty years ago this doctrine suffered by 
on, and a new schi ool arose 
deriving its chief inspiration asa GOETHE. 
Modifications i in form were set down as varia- 
tions from an ideal pattern or type, and adapta- 
tions to special ends, though admitted in some 
-n were discredited in others. Not the least 
which Mr. DARWIN has rendered to 
the demonstration that many 
> be of 
; Spaen formerly supposed either to 
© aaea illustrations of a 
to D purposes, or, at a are the 
nf sraces of fa r Ere 
quietly and ann d setting to work to show the 
purpose and meaning of various organs and 
rudimentary iacr. In this manner he has 
made clear the use and purport of many parts 
and bane in plants, the study of which was 
before to a large extent barren in results. In 
thus pron) a rational and intelligible ex- 
planation of many structures and phenomena, 
Mr. DARWIN has not only advanced physio- 
logical science to a high degree, and infected 
others with the desire so far as their means and 
abilities are concerned to do likewise, but he 
has placed a most saeka weapon in the hands 
of those who, like PALEY, attach very high im- 
portance to the study of Natural Theology. 
Our pages of late years have teemed with illus- 
‘trations of adaptations of structure to function, 
especially with regard to the fertilisation of 
flowers by insects. Only lately, through the 
kindness of Dr, ASA GRAY, we have had occa- 
sion to lay before our readers the curious 
which Droseras and Sarra- 
t of their nourish- 
ment by entrapping iy Aigesting insects. Dr. 
SANDERSON has show e movement 
of the leaves of eh Fly-trap Dionza is 
ek ae by electrical phenomena, as in the 
case muscles of w aein One of the 
most ans ions yet made known, 
showing the elation T structural form to 
definite purpose in the economy of the plant, 
is that laid before the Scientific Committee on 
Wednesday last by Mr. DARWIN. Mr. DAR- 
WIN’S researches are not yet fully completed, 
and at some future time he will give a fuller 
account of his researches, meanwhile no reader 
will fail to see the exc Bs Te interest of the 
phenomena we now proceed to relate :— 
t The leaves of Pinguicula 1 feet according to 
IN, possess a power of ing animal” athe 
Albu- 
heir secretion is reabsorbed, 
as in the cell s et 
the glands, such as had | eed in other ey 4 
ases. Before ex: parait n to be 
S 
Pje] 
0g 
4 
(p) 
oq 
S] 
27 
© 
5 
o 
bens 
+ 
p 
® 
a 
fe) 
oe 
O 
3 fi 
Dg 
in Y 
3 
is 
= 
Q 
D 
3 
7 
© 
derably over in two ©} 
not turn Over towards 
Small fragments of gl milar 
movement, by to a much less de egre ec, inflex ed 
orth a secretion which iar the flies 
ly a 
pou 
r seeds, but Seas f glass , or hi ny, 
increase ofsecretion. But omes a puzzle: If the 
flies or fly be removed, the margin of the leaf turns 
in less tha nty-fe oes so also w 
a row of flies and Cabbage e adhering ; so 
puzzle.” - 
We must await the publication in full of Mr. 
DARWIN’S researches before we can say more 
on the subject. Meantime, as many of our 
readers will speedily be hieing pore Shot to 
ie mogrands, where Pinguicula grows, and 
ere Drosera is abundant, we would fain hope 
pag ef teen aii De enabled to watch the 
plants in question, ascertain what insects 
are sptrapped, any under what circumstances. 
THE official dedication of teicesren 
SQUARE to the public use has ed us an 
opportunity for supplementing the information 
e arrangement of the 
been light alteretl but in the 
that shown 
obyiated the painful angularity of the zi de 
and i been still better 
won, surrounds ds the 
look remarkably w itt Pei 
as to the Square at 
Poeg with an ¢ 
not 
of wal view ofthe gras turf and 
beds. 
flowering Pelargonium, a silver variegated 
variety, and blue Lobelia. The four central 
masses are laid with turf, with two oblong beds 
“ bedded out” with flowers, and with Yuccas 
is ghee . Good sized standard Bays in tubs 
e placed in appropriate situations, and the 
ae marble basin surrou unding the statue of 
phere ave, 
little doubt, from the rapidity with which 
xa became from a “ filthy wilderness ” 
blooming garden” has been effected, 
jit the planting is to a considerable extent 
of a temporary character, and that care will 
be taken ultimately to place a few deciduous 
d there, and generally to obviate 
me 
3 
shade was Loran felt, and “though, of course, 
it was too much to expect that such shade 
would be fort hassle immediately, yet we 
should be glad to know that provision is likely 
to be made for the future in this matter. 
mida 
fastigiate 
character, would be quite in keeping with 
the architectural surroundings, while Planes, 
Alder, Alnus cordata, or some of them, might be 
advantageously placed at intervals. We say 
some of them, for there is, in truth, little space 
at disposal, the whole area being little more 
than an acre, and very properly a large portio 
of this is occupied with walks, seats, &c. 
The central statue of SHAKSPEARE is 
in white marble, and is a co at in 
Westminster Abbey. 
square pedes estal, also of whi b 
is flanked by four dolphins, on thè top of a 
shallow flight of steps, which even a dolphin 
would have a diffculty in ascending, especially 
head downwards. The whole structure rises 
basin, filled v 
the aiaiai alg who have a 
yra- 
kd 
escaped from the water beneath, with their tails 
ortably bent up against the sh 
of the Pedestal would, were the creatures 1 
Ham ike Society. The m ore humane an 
tically, the more effective ne would have been 
to have allowed the tails to have fitted into 
flutings or recesses, which would also have 
time it has been laid. 
to 
a Eeh. to prevent the 
nd, artis- 
