fro 
oe siitergoes 3 ad eapecial attack. 
THE 
AUGUST 1, 1874+] 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
143 
——— a 
n process >i earthing them up. In that 
around si a hy. bands of moderate aeaa and 
the 
hay around them up ? 
as the midribs of the leaves go, then proceed a little 
higher, drawing the more le afy points together to 
ithin a inches of their apex more loosely. 
recommend that dry leaves be placed aro he hay- 
bands to their full height—a simple aid, which will 
hasten the blanching process materially. In arthing- 
upthe main or more permanent winter crop, hay-ban 
should be placed in like r with the j 
though they may less particularly fitted together 
in view to exclude air, t e soil must be kep 
: ul, h 
tounduly compress these latter to © the detriment of 
the hearts below. Wiliam Earley. : 
Natural History. 
TEPHRITIS ONOPORDINIS Feii MINER).— 
or Parsni 
inj ury t 
by Curtis, in his Far ah insects, not to have been 
cosets = cting “mater ally,” but pipe occa 
mstances of ather or 
to be prevalent to some extent 
dry seasons in 
vegetables, 
diety for the sake of experiments, have been infested 
y it during the late drought to what, in a large crop, 
uld 
e injury is caused, as is well- known, by ae 
e coats of 
one or two larve, bu ave never 
Noticed more than three feeding togethe r. 
The about three-sixteenths of an ner ta 
|} ‘gth; shiny, and described as pale green, but in 
oh ens I have seen they are more commonly of 
yellowish ign? py pointed at the 
ie “head Aad at the tail, and very transparent, s 
à intern paar : diy visibl , as also the 
t movement of the contents of the alimentary canal for 
about Fi d is armed 
tting instrament, capable of 
and fetractic at pleasure, and in 
tly Pressed lengthwise 
when it will work thé ingtrament 
> iar jerk 
e to removing th — i be seen 
e tissues ma 
Whatever can d 
the best cure is 
-` weather 
reached soe = net me 
The maggot moves with some rapidity when taken 
from the leaf blisters, and as it adheres perfectly well 
in an inverted position y mode o poan may 
be well watched beneath a microscope slide. The 
tail, with its various ertia? and other pire bb 
is curled dow nwards, and from that point the move: 
ment is sent forward through the body of the larva, 
and then again with another curl id tees rds of the 
tail “ry next a is started as 
maggo ‘nigra = to quit t the leaf when 
its ‘eet growth is complete, to undergo the pupal 
dag e by pr ieie; bat not of necessity, in the 
nie 
“The male of the T. Onopordinis is a two lines 
long, tawny chreous in colour, with ochreous legs 
and poisers, the body brown, the ‘wing 3 era and 
ith 
1e irregular markings on the hind 3 
Ft of the face is yeiai, rt the eyes 
deep pees 
The female is a larger, with Argons 
darker coloured than 
Onophdinis i is given 
from which the above short description is partly 
ken. 
r 
p 
The cure that has been suggested! of setting child- 
= to nip a pong Mm blisters between the finger 
d thumb s to squeeze the contained maggot to 
repie ipe n ation and likely to be 
effectual, for the blisters ber “di scoloured spots are 
eing already destroyed 
the tena 
Soot, por as-lime, and such other oh -dressings to the 
soil as ‘may kill the larve when they fall from the 
leaves to bury themselves, en wé to pupation, 
have also been suggested ; Er loo -i at the appa- 
rent effect of a few days’ ee ra. seems probable = 
to be va Para anr Aee 
Th plants under observation in Torquay were so 
placed as to feel the fullest influence of the late 
rom 
ut as 
a babi notice- 
ordinary larval sepa 
“the might be caused by the 
from the rain decaying t the u killed 
tissues, and washing the decayed matter and dirt con- 
od 
~ Sras maggot, "e yee affecting its bealth apen 
This, however, of e ecture, 
i a ne as fa i 
as the limited extent of garden cg is concerned, by 
nip leaves for several 
a acting in some degree like 
t drive “a the flies, and 
destroy or ip the health of the larvze. 
Sin e above the a of dry weather 
sient a marked effect in ete 
fly. Previously, with so’ 
long drought, the affected p part ot the! leaves a ijek; 
ack on the er observation 
w. 
y weather, they are spreading fast and 
characteristically, with the contained maggot appa- 
rently in full health, O. 
pisces PLANTS. 
The Eternal C y —so called by 
eee ‘justly sap oe i religious ceremonies as 
they us sed to be, of its c s, pictures, statues, 
chio. The former enjoy 
Italy. It never lost ground there as a ene buries or 
rather a ors song re, like Radishes, to 
ry pleasant munching- for those 
must be careful 
imar are freely partaken o ne wonders that 
of ho i 
e, the land rs d’ ene does not grow it 
a lat} for that purp But aliments, espe- 
cially those which approach the nature of Scaled: 
are as national, as local almost, as costumes a 
witness Seakale and Rhu , which, in a culinary 
sense, can hardly be said to have crossed the English 
Ch š se Fen sauce with mackere 
and as garnishing for salmon, but we completely 
ignore Finocchio, which is Italian, pn without a 
a ems på n taking still ‘firm oot there, 
as it is wired se 
as well as fi 
or te n (Enyeopedio KA Gar owe says of the 
Dw ‘en — “‘ This variety is 
chase eiin. ve k "tendency i in the stalk to swell to 
a considerable thicknes thickened part i 
a caltfvated: for cooking 
known love of nicknames, re given to 
footstalks of the first set ro leaves, just as thay branch 
nd, wad a 
ing 
he 
t of leaves, and both it and gobbo, when stewed in 
the Italian method, form excellent dish Th 
Fennel roots and Ye are wy rn raw, as a 
salad, with oil and vinegar.” n Jardinier 
doubts whether the fleshy-rooted Fand may not 
= oe dignity in S rae 
oadcast in seed-beds, in 
seh ial ‘ciphienbealy for successive 
etic or Ma 
rops. It prefers light si agen & rier that have 
been previously well manured. n big enough, 
it is pricked out in rows, > or 8 icis from plant to 
lant. Careful hoeing and weeding, with waterings 
in dry weather, are 
rapidly as possible. T atdiiy consumed i 
Italy raw, as we-eat Cel is very grea u 
Naples, in what ce the Papal States, and 
yea The plants sown in August (a 
practice) ki planted “ais m Octobe er, and become fit 
r use a December em nuary, by being pers 
an shee si ae ogresses. The tioles 
he Ske those of Celery, S ia 
m a to, say, the 
portion is tender, weeter than Celery, 
different f Tom n Celery as to constitute, when stewed, 
quite a ne mine for those who have not 
previo at 
ooked Finocc 
7 ted butter), wih gravy, or au gratin 
it caroni hese modes of serving it is 
pre boiled in anios slight! salted. For - 
roni ai gi cae at the bottom of a stewpan, then 
a layer of Finocchio boiled and drained and cut in 
a then a layer of soaked and pelt cooked 
ma i br = ee into ra lengt Season mode- 
ra > with t, sprinkle pence grated 
A practi chinese aot little bits x butter, and so on- 
till the stewpan is is full. C e fire, 
live charcoal on the lid. When done, serve 
by turning out the contents on a hot dish, as whole as 
may be. Æ. S. D. 
Forest 
beet THE RESULTS AND NOT THE CAUSE or 
CLIMA 
other peA have teemed with articles on tree culture, 
subject is worthy 
ople without 
egraph 
and it must be confessed that 
of | of Dr. Franklin 
marar | si 
