: 
a 
‘have cost an immense amount of aes rA collect and —— Baron von Mueller has recently issued a f species of hybrid in some way inexplicable (as cer- 
amang ior Rn or says, in his p that the | plementary list of the principal trees trees and other tainly might be expected) > 
= fault ofh it is too ienie, butthat | plants that might be cultivated in the Colony i The common locality of the nest is in the ollow of 
re itis not scientie enough We think he has succeeded ictoria for economic or ornamental p an old decayed tree, the position affo: once 
‘ in gi ood solid matter ‘a a mini- | preceding lists a =e enumerated about I shelter for the nest and mai its paper, which 
mum of s ma tnd ctl not on any account have it | species which might advan’ y cultivated, or | though resembling that of the othe l 
L pm, scientifc. He has followed Hook d Ben- | which, at it was desirable to make trial ture, is so much rougher a r in texture as 
Be ’s Genera Plantarum and Bentham’s Flora Aus- The follo gins | extract W ill show the nature of the in- | to give the a sand or lumps 
Z butsi in -F ma re toa ate’ sen formation published on this subject by the Baron :— ed with the d wood of which it is formed. 
E the keys and descriptions he has adopted the style w diaaa byindhthi ao S hilst collecting material the horne 
3 of the Colonial Floras; but it differs esse ally fro it iraha. het ee aaa a in snip tui and Ragen patient of pe awoten Ma and may be watched quietly 
7 all the latter publications in its main feature of prac- | colony this tree, known as the Golden Wakile, deserves, | working on some old decay ost, ti 
EH d economic informati Where there was a | even here, extensive cultivation, mainly for the sake o athered a sufficient load for one application they fly 
ance of contributing anything to our knowledge of | its bark, rich i in. It is of rapid growth, will suc- | away with it, apparentl unconscious of interruption. 
- the history, &c., of any particular group the author a T i mra Bein and yields eee ag an i dsomest and most for ests 
has not missed it. Take the article on Oranges, for | W ich germinate with the greatest ease, never a 
Tramet ae ich x ears is ood mminankry g at | large tr By iniproved fix hads the sci pf of the | "S usually those built as pendants under a roof, and 
example, a S 0 i 1 t ; are somet f great 
that was previously known, with some addit sani notes aher sai E E sion e ices specimen taken from the roof of a cottage in West 
by the author Timell We shall shortly have occasion the writer's laboratory have shown that the perfectly Gl t was as much as 15 inches in t 
to refi to his particular part again. Of course the | dried bark contains about 25 per cent. of mimosa-tannin, diameter, and exceeded 19 inches a diameter vertic- 
only conclusive tes f the merits of a book of this class | The infusion of the bark can be reduced by | ally ; and another nest re argon same locality 
is its practical use; but whatever ` defects may be | boili dry extract, which, in medicinal and other | was not —_ inferior to it i a. Occasionally a 
they are not prominent. It appears o have been very | respects, is equal to the best Indian catechu, as eriv subterraneous position is aes hich ibly, i 
carefully edited, and yet the author Makes s up half a | from Acacia Catechu and A. Sundra. It yields approxi- | the ct was one of easier investigation, would be 
S n of additions and corrections. re 30 per cent., about half of which, or more, is | found to involve the presence of some piece of deca: 
me idea of the work, we may take two mosa-tannic acid. ‘This catechu is also of great use d as the point of settlement. In the only case in 
tate Ske Palms and the ifer There are only for bine against nage articles subject to exposure | hich I found a hornet nest oth earth with- 
dicen l d butt water, such as nets, fish ing ines, &c. While, ac- i : n 
six indigenous Pa 9 DU pages are | cording to Mr. Simmonds, the import of the bark of Oaks out at co ana wood at all in the hollow with it, the 
devoted to the family, chiefly to the consideration of | 244 Homlock Sp inte: Engl A ry y paper ere beginning, and the operations 
the Palmyra, Date, -nut, and other i ate less, and while the import of Sumach and Gambir does not beini e to proceed it proved nothing de defi- 
a There are fourteen native Conifers d > | Hot in e, the demand has, since the last itely. 
and several others noticed, occupying thirty-seven twenty years, become doubled. Probably no other The po may sometimes be pasi in an early stage 
be tanning plants give so on a ee in popr ths nm as | simply ended from a few ng 
=e e extracts from the account of the C our Acacia pyc ularly A. decurrens. | built a ake inches from oni ú the hard upright 
(Pinus lon; ngifolia), which succeeds = s Synonymy, on latter, E Black Wattle, is aroni y alluded toin the | stalks, ich have ough the winter, An 
description and distribution of this species : list o oe ad e following additional rise exceedingly beautiful specim ed close by the 
may furthe the pienen of this neglected tr d till the first layin 
‘“ The leaves generally remain two to three years on The English price of the bark ranges generally ong 5 margin o ee rogressed till the first layins 
the branches, the oldest being shed in May and June; ries, so far as experiments und of eggs ree aeiia into larvæ of considerable size, 
ains 70 feet, and at times roo to 110 feet ; trunk, tall, Eetion bon gone tty in its contents of tannin ko 8 and it d have been interesting to atch the 
erect, straight, 5—7, rarely 1o—12 feet in irth. Crown to 33 per ce In the mercantile the percentage nits mat to as the increasing weight of the 
al when young, unded whe , extremities of | is somewhat less, according to the state of its dryn nest ede pporting powers f its grassy 
branchlets turned upward ; foliage of old trees dark, of | it retaining about ro per cent. moisture. /Any are prop, be ~ severe nature of the hornet sting makes 
young trees lighter green ; bark halfinch thick, cut up by arren, unutilised place might here be sown t remu- | ex n cases ch must necessarily be un- 
eep fissuresand cracks into polyg sometimesoblong, | neratively with the seeds of this Wattle Acacia, to guarded sere p Bha i to be pre and the nest was 
thic ‘Bie, rey or isi Pi ey? nagar red secure a regul continuous supply a) the bark, mov. 
ish-brown, compact ; wood yellowish, reddish-w ite or | which, necessarily, must fall off under the in iscriminate 
brown, no distinct heart-w ot weight of seasoned ngements ne ining the bark from the natura "the gain omets, aa other heia zr uoe T rE 
Chir, according to Rag ae ce ser eat Rurki is 27 1 localities of growth. The return would be within very tibie ol w ituro, ane © ro ee to 
per cubic foot. wood is easy to work and is exten- | few years. 1} Ib f Black Wattle bark givi of permit tez adh taste in selecting their juicy food 
sively used in the hills for building, roof-trees are said | leather, whereas 5 lb. of English Oak bark are requisit f the quality, and where Fx (as on 
to last two generations in maon—also for shingles | for the same soured gen the tannin principle ol of both = the ripest x oorpark Apricots) cou be 
where slate is not available ; at the Tea plantations for | not absolu tely identical. The, of the variety pass- | dispensed with. Reaumur, in Poe Bs draws 
boxes, a is a considerable exportation o ing gene’ as the Silver Acacià dealbata, | attention " their attacks on the sade an trees, and = 
he plains on sev the Himala; vers, a | Link), is generally of less value, often even fetching only | I have noticed this to a large extent on some Ash 
, however, the is not durable; it is attack half the price of that of the Bla attle. tannin he were growing with their roots Y 
by roach and decays rapidly w sees wet. In | of th aciæ yields a grey precipitate with the oxyde | in the y : heat 0 of sae the the. ; 
LS orant : beria “A Senco pori he £ and a violet colour with su sd tacked t = a 
ardwan branch of the Chena! e roportion 6 the | completel thrown do wn from a si s solution te 
trees e the bark and the fibres of the wood m cain i of tinge ted ‘sulphuric pery The bark young so soft bark, “bat ppanc rently onl F: or the 1 ipa 
i improves by age and desiccation, about | of sn bine the sap flowing from edges of the — 
P EIN ay ON ne y 
fae 
Fig 
OCTOBER 3, 1874. | 
THE 
GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
427 
yie 
of catachn ae more than half of which 
degree n is often seen in Horse Chestnuts in Europe o per cent. 
The wood of the twisted trees is useless for any p is tannic acid. Bichromate of po ded in a minute he hybernation of the — hornet appears to 
= except for fuel. It has been supposed that the twist is | quantity to the boiling solution of osa-tannin pro- | pr reared for with gre pn e, and the winter cells may 
: caused by local winds, but the twisted are often duces a ruby-red liquid, fit e purposes, and this | som s be fou nae numerously near together 
with the straight grown trees, exactly as is thecasein an | solution gives. | viih the salts of sub-oxyde of iron, black | by bei fas up soft ae or 
= avenue of Ho hestnuts, and their occurrence is con- pipun von h the salts of the full oxy fi iron, ing thick bark fr 
: “fined to particular localities not more o the | red-bro mh tome in 
g action of the wind than the mings tracts. me 
es = the 
“ The Chir probably produces turpentine and — Dr. Pfeiffer has published a supplement t to his F : ate kog 
: resin than the other Conifers of the he North-west Himalaya ; vfs tit Botanica (Williams & beneath, formed moet! of 
3 it is obtained by g incisions in the stem, or b arid Boome etna T a large number “of names, powder, e 
3 stripping kys e on the resinous whic m various had been omitted in the in th tre of 
products of t hwal For A of 5 , 1867. in oea e and which nich professes to contain acom- | queen, usually (in the instances 
: R. Thompson states that the quantity of berja, annually d ith a fine dew, and irascibility of temper no way 
: brought do o the markets at 4 Sst of the =r bai F diminished, though its powe 
l be estimated a ae) viewed nds o rily limited to harmless attempts at attac 
: each, at prices varying from 3 to rupees Į e ond: T ost c teristic a 
j He describes the procedure as istows beversl deep under emir ie ave poea as many as six or 
i n csp. iches are cut into and around th eight hornet queens in one m of piemen 
e The nic re 12—18 inches long Fonai Ae ok the bulk of cee 
i he base of the niche is holiowed sia e insi ott eo one ecayed tree. 
: as to form a sort of receiver for the resin after it des of a hornet’s nest is a matter 
_ A an ordinary sized treeis | saci es me caution, the difficulty : ly 
E of berja the > first year, and abont a a third of the bel both "of some standing, for Olaus a in 
A qua second, after which it dies or cut down.’ i | 
i A In the meS in 1868 the crude rı rbd tor 4-7 boot ae pai gee © 
2 rpentine and 
tres or dal f dest sett edi linden oF of pei Pa and y adr wn and used 
roducts 0 estructive disti 1 e 
= by filling an earthen pot (perforated at the batto with points of study, there re cane bat one kerea í zát sat trek as as for ppm ‘purposes, not in 
x f resinous wood, the pot is felóséd prudence of keeping clear of collision with t a dila bated fort. 
T small holes) with chips of r p b amie uk ees Wh i i A at te othe 
nd luted over with wet mud, pieces of dry cow-dung aoro, m 7 ; ere epa y pouring tar in would not be effective, 
are heaped over it and lighted. This fuel burns slowly, This insect is too on known to requir pecifi mp of tar-sodden hay firmly eee into the 
i and the tar into a smaller pai du h | description, and is usually easil distinguishable from patie of the ne cure, but where hornets 
others of re Bnglish Vespide by its greater size and | abound, a careful eye has always to b kept volun- 
of its It 
is often so full of resin et 
Wood is wage for torches, and in ithe place of candles in 
and mines, &c. 
It i is a say that the plates are 
The plants selected indicate that the book is 
intended for the forest officers. 
~ portant, trees, lik S 
: act si ot es tainges i dieser? for 
amarix ar 
antenne, 
length in proportion he ‘ts Eiei of the male. 
In the South of England the hornet is is not un- 
common, Mr. Smith gives 
ee ‘very 
objected to their nest 
Where 
