OCTOBER 3, 1874] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 431 
n 
pecomes yellow. Another remarkable example was | poses. Doubtless ; Parsley may be met with equally | their existence de pended entirely upon the imported 
that of sah Scheie with white and red flowers, which | true and equally y curled, Ais there is to ra ob- | gunn y cloth. | For some time after the introduction of 
‘became an i 
È en. W ese a coarse: 
been thus changed, if the blossom be dipped in | is sc posi desirable, and which does not mee in and was, therefore, of little value as a textile material. 
water it will retain the artificial colour for several | this A ridge Parsley, which has been carefu lly | Experiments made at several times pro mi that this 
hours, and will afterwards retum dually to its selected and improved by Mr. SAGE. was a mistake, but until lately scarcely an 
-natural tint. other curious observation of Prof. has been made in improving the pers of ‘the fibre, 
GABBA is that Asters, which are naturally without —— SPRAGUEA UMBELLATA is an cece Cali- | or giving it the whiteness of lin 
= scent, acquire an aromatic odour under the influ- | fornian biennial, flowering on the rockwork at Kew, The difficulties, however, which emei the success 
2 f S ers of a violet | perhaps more curious sho Tin leaves are | of Jute bl have, du ring th 
: me red when sprinkled “deg Bonet con- ulate, mewhat succulent, form a se been completely removed ty the application of 
taining nitric acid; an enclo ox | close to the gr : e flowers are method e been patented by 
and expose at to the action of Hydiothlonic said gas, simple or compound umbels of scorpioid spikes. The | and which are at present in operation at works 
will in six hours beco a fine carmine colour, sepals are very large, white, and scarious, giving the erected for the purpose by Mr. W. Sibbald John- 
-which they will preserve it frst dried i in a dark place ee a woolly appearance. he corolla is | ston, of this town, at Milecross, near Newtownards, 
and kept dry and in the sh plants pelore winter "ke oi naras cay get ve in the neighbouring County of Down. In the pro- 
; 3 ill flower the same year i 
_ —— RHODODENDRON eaer UM well deserves | so j ; inedi joey AASE Sachin +a tarn; 7 iS pen = 
] = mia oT Tie rath ge ay ew succession through baths of Ticaline solutions and 
attractive, and it appears to flower with considerable ON THE ooney Pe THE J Ul E a enc agi alles og Pree tes ig fee sage 
i > 
freedom which is found in large quantities in Ge in 
ns i 
he meeting a ne plat held in this | the are ee and has aaa been re- 
— interesting and instructive exhibition of , 
peetcstioes at EDIBLE AND Porsonous FuNGI will be College twenty-two years ago I had the honour of garded as of but little commercial value. The 
E n the Council-room of the Royal Horticultural reading before this snes a report on the composition | length of the fibre of the Jute f commerce is 
Society at South Kensington on Wedne b sn; of the Flax plant, the fibre of which supplies the raw frequently no less than 12 feet; usu e 
> etober n when the following prizes will yAn material of the staple industry of this part of Ireland. sth end near the ground is ark-coloured and 
r for In that and subsequent reports I gave an account of a ody. At the fibre is colourless, or only 
> ° — Collection of Fungi, arranged Siccording to their series of investigations which had been undertaken by slightly re but some kinds after a time become 
y ties. Neat arrangement and correct n me at the request of the Association, and in which arker, just as wood darkens in colour by the action 
i i cont in awarding the prizes. The te ——, of the fibre and the changes which it | of the air Many specimens preserve a dull yellowish 
7 and a —_ are to 1. maa on — ergoes n its technical preparation were for the colour, and in appearance can wit difficulty be dis- 
‘ phe OF ae tak ditto, tie teak yellow Se alee ri time capi etely examined. The interest which | tinguished from the finer qualities of hemp. e 
t 45, 43, £2. these reports excited in this great centre of the linen | Microscope, however, shows us that the structure of 
2. "Collection of Edible Fungi. Thes should be industry has encouraged me to submit to this section | the Jute is different from that of any of our common 
: pos rg <tpostion wh specimens of similar some account of the history and chemical composition textile fibres ; thus, while a fibre stripped from the 
ass 3.—Čollection of Neu Bare Fungi. Open. £3, | Of another textile material which, at the time of our | flax plant is shown to consist of bundles of cells with 
former meeting, was scarcely known in this country, | thic walls and somewhat circular outline, 
an 
4.—Cultivated Edible Aie This class is intended | but which has lately assumed a most e aien place exhibiting a very minute central mer the wall of the 
ie i h 
a 
ac species likely to be -usetal a O E ee Pa are not | among the tpa substances employed by manu- | Jute cell is of very irregular t icknes S, and the 
facturers. -Fifty years ago the arva = the Jute re central space does not conform to t the line, 
e have received from Mr. Don, gr. to Sir | was to be ye nly in our ; now the | but at one part will be found wide, while at another 
S t., M.P., the Wildernesse, quantity of i odes ed into = United Kingdon part it dwindles to a mere line. By this remarkable 
specimen of the NELSON CODLIN almost equ aie that of the Flax which we oe ee and | difference in the contour of the inner and outer ce 
APPLE, which weighs 1 Ib. 5 02., m res | exceeds the annual importation of Hemp; and, walls, Jute fibre g distinguished from Flax, Fau 
i ence. Mr. Don states that it Ada to the i improvemen nts which have been effected | Cotton, and New 
a bg several others of large size from | in the processes for its preparation, and especially in The irtak a pe sulphate u of aniline, pro- 
ee years growth; and that he has the iisthods of Bo r I believe, destined to | posed as a re-agent for woody m by Runge, and 
Bicherex Blenbelin Orange nearly as arge. occupy in future a far mportant place among | recommended by Professor Vieite. of Vien 
the raw materials of our ‘teatile mani us assi in distinguishing it from both 
i YPSELUM REPENS is aT moe aa = plant which yields | the fibre known in com- Hemp and Flax fibres. Thus while Hemp is scarcely 
as a basket pat in the stove and is erce as Jute—a name at all affected by this action of the re- t, and Flax 
$ ponnus oe suited for the purpose. The iea are penik from a corruption n of the Bengali name of the plant— | unchanged in colour, the Jute fibre shows that it con- 
and hang down for a length of 2 feet. There are a a member S the family Tiliaceæ, the Linden or | tains a large amount of woody matter by becoming of 
of dark blue berries, in cluste e from g ote periods has been 4 deep ARE ow colour, phate, however, 
4 number of from Lis 
two to five, which last in perfection for a long time, | cultivated by the natives of Southern Asia for textile | does not enable us to distinguish Jute from 
and would be useful for mixing with cut flowers. The | purposes. Two species of it are ‘ied for the produc- | other Indian fibres. In connection with the technical 
3 oa stems vod droop gracefully from the edge of | tion of fibre, Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus | pre on, igi &c., of the Jute fibre, I y 
Tt upper surface of the leaf is green, but | olitorius, and both kinds are found in the Jute | commenced a series of investigations which, though 
D sheraee shi purple hairs like the rest of the plant. | brought to this country. The Corchorus is an annual, | not so far ianed as I had hoped, may not be desti- 
It is eas a cultivated, and may be cee from | the seeds of which are sown broadcast in the months | tute of interest. The samples of fibre which I sub- 
seeds sorc ting: Native of the West I of March and April on ploughed land along the sandy mitted to examination were kindly s mope to me 
anks of rivers, either irrigati r manure | by Mr. Si Johnston, the pro f the 
oem ie from the ///ustration Horticole that | being required. In August, before the seeds which | Kiltonga Bleachworks, and were of the] known 
a handso vergreen, TORREYA MYRISTICA, is | replace the small yellow flowers of the plant have | as “Red Seraigunge.” The fibre has a faint red 
now bearing. frait, rei is og as for the first time in | ripened, and when the stems have attained the height | colour, and measured in | 1o feet | 
Europe, in the of Messrs. THIBAUT & of about 12 feet, the crop is cut; when the seed | inches. It had been prepared i the i 
_ KErereer, at kay ant, Sle: is allowed to become fully ripe, as is also the | manner, and of course contained oaly those con- 
4 with Flax, the fibre becomes stiff and hard, stitments of the plant which remain attached 
—— Among berry-bearing plants of extraordinary | and the stem is rendered of a „reddish colour. | to the cellular structures after being subjected. to the 
beauty may be mentioned the HIPPOPHAË RHAM- | The stalks, when a are tied in bundles and | process of retting. Portions of the fibre cut into 
_ NOIDES FŒMINA, which we recently saw well- laced in tanks, us y ord dirty tes Ber and allowed | small pieces, after being treated with distilled water 
furnished condition in Mr. W. PAUL’s nursery at | to ferment, or we jet” for five or s ays, and then | and boiled for several hours, gave an acid solution of 
l ale al i 
Waltham er The bright golden-orange hue of | taken out and swung about r epestel in the air, | the colour of pale ale, which evolved an odour that 
these renders particulariy attractive, | by which the long fibres are separated from the | suggested the aromatic smell of moist Flax yarn. 
_ while from the profusion in which they are produced | brittle wood which constitutesthe bark of the stem ; | On evaporation over n water bath, it left a brownish 
_ the plant becomes a very orna rnamental rece which | and thus prepared, the fibres are by sure on | black extract, which in appearance resembled 
easily reduced to a light brown powd This 
tract amounted to only o726 per cent. of the sre 
found, ta to contain sugar r and a c acid 
sated t to be, wil J country in the preparation : 
nal of CREY. HoT AL A ; - E E 
the suggestion AS AN INSECTICIDE. It will destroy protic Jt Jak ras sE var exceeds that ine Fine eae 
eed and black ants, arg Agr are pags Though India | is the great seat of Jute pened 
2 
= 
oO 
a 
$, 
3 
0g 
w 
p 
ma) 
wn 
ta 
ze 
SE 
=] 
FA 
n 
=] 
© 
RE 
= 
oO 
a 
oo 
G 
o 
Sch 
o 
a 
o 
SF 
pa 
A 
z 
zi 
g 
a 
Css) 
of alum and dissolve it into three or four : 
sis è : e plants, especi rchorus olitorius, have been ini 
De alam he eck let a ilk wba "i tony oe in China and other Eastern countries. | to contain 15.5 per cent. of moisture, and when 
Seacly boili Ee Gs aver fem iait avvi 1A Poi Experiments have been made to grow the rare for secinctate; to leave i. "328 per cent. of a pale ash. 
ae thee aa . and o eee textile pirmas in the Southern States of Treated by the successive action of rindia accord- 
: ie a rt of, the kirtis Ge ia on the banks of the Lower Mississippi, and yria in | ing to the rere described in my reports on Flax, 
be ; if pen suspect that they harbour ve vt in Ip Igiers, and it is said the results are encouraging. A | and the amo unt nitrogen determined „by Wills’ 
; ieiitivcdting wes ilin ri a ates eaddeal 00 large portion of the Jute grown in India is used in | method, both in the original samples and in the fibre 
thet it will also se fal F Fap r making sacks, which, under the name of gunny bags, | after the action of the solvents, the results obtained 
tance, ee the ink whid has are sent in aig numbers to America to be used for | were as a de :—Moisture, I 
been Aa w ens aki ince” P packing Cotton. Dr. Royle states e textures from | 83.1313 tters, i 
: other dian plants, as well as from u Reports of chi British 
e of the 100 parts 
- x of the best forms of CURLED PARSLEY nth manufactur 
o! e 
growing finely- oe ree 
