490 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
[OCTOBER To 
flowers | grabs and bears every year ; but a year of 
z een ance i enerally followed by one, or even two, of 
comparative as “Tt has to be well manured se 
second or thir e its fruit- 
th the earth, a process 
ike a 
ani substances, so thåt the rags must 'be, and 
are, valuable as manure. 
s black, 
and ey 28 to fall off the tree in sin Sgt an tq a 
Some have the trees at once cleared by beating the 
se 
Olives are smaller _ The 
latter belong to a another variety of the Olive pa which 
is principally cultiva pain. 
“Pic tive Berries from the ground under- 
neath the stir es is quite an peach niet with old or infirm 
women and with young girls. ey earn about 16 sous 
ada a pana their labour contrasts strikingly with that 
ses, are apt to 
ng, so long over the ground, a 
winter rains. S o0 often. 
he aimes 
z 
Se. 
© 
/ ese were evidently the identica w. t 
thieves concealed themselves during the night, aie were 
extermin ated so cunn oar ol by Morgiana. 
of the Olive tree constitute 
ing ony fe a Mentone, pecan being princi 
of Olive woe 
On | s to — 
Sterk paper ofr Wint Winter’ ee oe of the Koval 
p. 50. 
Society, gine iv., 1873, p. 
The eggs are laid in pa abang together with a 
kind of oy ae matter, be found in masses 
containing from about fift te to twenty, externally of 
a white Taack -like appearance. ese eggs are 
stated by Bell as 
the young are hatched. 
as being laid a considerable time before 
n ha ae time draws 
h the 
ë 
a very in 
t of a sci 
of pense yi to 
On thi ere 
ry 
exclusion the you 
cieatifally, pee a Fi eir 
skins may be obtained by pening * a — oo the young 
creatures Jast t before the tim ing off t 
slough, and so sama =e delivaté pellicle free from 
injury a the operatio 
The est specimens af od — ses PR to 
d from a Gor me "a 
o pas 
enough al ee thrown it off ioe 
the skin to be still uninjured, but quite ab! speci- 
mens are of rare occurrence. 
The period of shedding the cuticle is mr i oh 
thdrawal fr 
| and its inversion (Æistory "of 2 Brith Reptiles, p 52) : 
have know hed fi 
desert s the operation of w 
n the s 
ein 
nec creeping aa roai ie 
or low brushwood, leave it detached 
5 and comes fern 
in far brighter before.’ 
er colours than 
an object of great beauty. o see it in perfection, 
owever, it should be watched, not wriggling awa 
from poss ge pursuit, or either completely at ease, 
basking on a log, or gliding swiftly through the 
ater, or again n when excited for “self defence, as 
coiled in a figure of eight with the head raised for 
ttack. 
Under common are amie I eg the ringed 
snake is never a many 
W. 
essive : duri years in 
ich I have eiere | the em I have mete t witha 
single instance in whi imen endeavoured to 
ten on me, and t as in self-defence ; if a w 
of retreat had been open it probably would not have 
k, but having been trodden on it fastened to the 
‘po’ on the t oe, and though 
of course not able to penetrate, or make good its hold, 
I could feel Sas pressure as the jes slipped off the 
impervious 
The young. Seuss will allow themselves to be 
r without show of 
handled, twisting round the finge 
fear, ag a ee owth conveyance by the tail is 
: : commonly a erable. Wit erate care this 
Natural History. a the fingers from attack A gece but not cer- 
oe in ng as the snake is ed from turn- 
SNAKES. RN list of ma sae (or of what ing on itself, it will merely hiss at ie ake | the ai 
caer name in popular parlance) com prises har ut once let it fold back, and it will rise 
only | kinds—even th this limited cai on itself up to the fingers holding the extrem pi of the 
the ı (the Anguis tail, and, in the case of a poisonous snake, would be 
enabled inflict a bite which, in the irri ied 4 state of 
uch | the reptile, might be a very serious matter, 
| During t the su the N. torquata isto be found 
on warm hedge | in front of c ge 
n rane On the. sgh: of th oi ii ich it 
aon snake the Wer ights, or esp y in ay of sabie 
erpe = e Natrix clogs 0 of Ray, C Co aber er S r [iter any years, never I geinak: a speci 
as 4 feet, | struction 
largest | connected 
aur a peared to be some inch 
or deposit of the the female prefe 
. stable litter, a gard. both or me sail nap Ad i 
material, which may give the th 
the development of the contained embryo, 
presence in 
| to stop the retreat (of course 
though th 
isin 
Ee ma 
“apse 
a. capabi 
i and a power = see ; 
the i tly o fferent sides—thus ~ 
e dilatability and power of gradual ns ee of 
ies so striking in the serpent tribe. 
tinty it is said to be easil p en mi re- 
cognise show a kind of affection for its owner, 
and as an article of diet to havea special predilection 
point of the compass) baide ar Maced 
In the 4 
= Ee but the horrible and lasting odour i 
under provocation or fear is a decided objec 
ee it ie a dom edt favourite. 
ake known 
commonly as 
also and most epeka by 
“ig: tae pie running kié whole length of the body ans 
ail. 
The ground colour is variable, Fer y f 
reddish brown or alah colour, ar it 
ight ferruginous tin and a 
marki ings deep bl xc, of the so litary spec 
fortunate enough to secure, = a district had i 
wer Se pie ent tifal, I was t ta a person wl 
studi eS with a good deal of < th 
pearing in co were local. The 
the dis tinctive henad but we 
blackish vi : these varieties (at nf 
me, and believe Taly) aie partic 
spots, 
(To be continued.) 
Forestry. 
TES ON INDIAN FOREST PRODUCE 
ucts. 
regia), 
meee | as produ 
durable w 
ies 
sci h thinner 
lop 
aly cultivated the nuts an ext 
food, they are also exported to 
ndia. e TE ps very durable, 
furniture as Mire 
cabin 
present feet burrs o 
through prese splend 
used fo rti 
er side, of the 
absence of spines ther 
well as the general difference in the appearance 
trees, ian Olive so 
sized tree, a 
beautifull 
lowish sapwood, used for 
and combs as well as for agric 
avy bands 
tht ‘little attention with r 
grows to a large size in the geet hills, es 
valle eys and over calratee here 
e woods i 
a very large timber tree; mepi w : ery of 
