534 THE 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[OCTOBER 24, 1874, 
keeping of autumn Grapes, particularly large bunches 
S Ha “9, and the nese kapam amt skinned spent ben 
arieties ook them 
ND ear Ae aaga 
earliest eed house may now be pruned, i 
ad 
houses be n 
and the latest may be dislodged with a 
We Loe ck 
Soi 5 miras i get the winter 
fruiters out fon h, and plant them on raised hil- 
ock as near to the glass as the nature of the house 
will permit. Those who have the convenience o 
ght utilise the roofs 4 
winter supply, where such practice would not iay 
interfere with existing eas i ae and where the 
proper subjects of such s 
on Sn eek vet aad 
M. 
Reduce the supply of water at the roots, but do not 
permi it flagging. “Dispense ‘with the use of the > syringe 
of sulphur peaked every ten ne Aedan Keep the glass tho- 
roughly clean, to admit all the light possible, 7} 
Simpson, Broomfield. 
HARDY FRUIT GARDEN, 
The gathering of Apples and Pears should ae be 
t ell as that of 
Quinces, Medlars, 
varieties of Pears may fais ve their ripeniig season con- 
siderably aoe onged by gathering a portion of them 
at different periods, but when allowed to hang after 
ip 
ey are fair it is sary to net them 
in order to protect them from insects and bird 
also to prevent them being bruised when they happen 
to fall from the trees, All 42 nd Pears which 
have been gath me time should be occasionally 
ing fruits icked ou 
ecaying at once p ut ; 
and the fruit storeroom a ys always he provided with 
top ventilation to 
exhalations from the fruit, 
and as a me of T the fects of the 
room, which shoul present be kept as cool 
possible. Where it is intended to form truit tree 
rders, or to ovate existing ones, the first 
step to take is to secure the necessary supply 
eal am, with urf 
rainage. r fru 
sorts the border should Pench k Q 
f a less depth than 
an feet, and prep ed as sady at : possible during 
er, by being frequently turned, & 
The trees should be plant ed encly: 
yond in Spang 5 s o 
alread trees 
with —— i oome ‘at once, but defer 
ing both 
sould - festivals of 
a | Gr 
- | will thrive w 
uae or tying them to the walls until somewhat late 
Spr 
ing, when the soil will be thoroughly settled 
n. Fruit trees of any sort which may be growing 
too Seo cane A Mer productive may, not too 
large, have this tendency counteracted by being care- 
fally lifted and replante ut if too large to be thu 
operated u may, nevert eless, have a portion 
of their roots carefully raised and pruned, and the re- 
main left n o the surface of the soil. In 
i i eberries, Cur- 
rants, an pberries, &c., drainage should in th 
first place be attended to, if considered necessary, 
and the nd hea ma che 
afterwards. P, Grieve, Culforad, Bury St. Edmunds. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
House.—If the necessary ma 
a have bees eee poga, as RIDT aig 
and laid in the bins, there should now bea 
n, whi 
soon, then, as the materials again commence pweanad, 
et them be trodde n, if it i n pa cele to do so, and 
ARA fected down w mmer, or "thallet, 
as hard and firmly as it is possi sible to do so. In 
pr that ne, Pan from this revived ferment- 
roper a i i 
it ma ng n, as i 
admit of this, and continue to etile mots closely as 
the process of wa omg A progress ides 
continued compres the hea 
raen and athe Aare is panda at ect. As 
of 85° is cree within the general 
bod y of the materials, the spawning process pra his 
safely advanced a stage. Let shallow holes be 
bored over the whole surface of the bed, k ith a 
stout, blunt dibble, kept for the arse, these holes 
som that a medium-sized A ould be placed 
into them, hanes the upper surface che a quarter of 
n no below the mean or average surface of the bed, 
and about 5 or 6 inches apart from each other. Ifa 
es Eyy heat only exists, kpi that is not in 
excess of that given Re ak nite sugested, is 
likely, owing t e nts Mas that ae may b the 
materials, to rise Te sry above such, hee es das be 
eri 
spawned forthw This is done by simply breaking 
the spawn. bri ie into pieces about the siz yh: a green 
) inserting ox pie sap 
into one o 
terial 
Pre 
d these pieces arly, ce a riba sik 
layer upon or above them, and again ram the beds, or 
beat them down as fir 
remain thus for ba wee 
until it is seen whe er the spawn runs 
i The best possible yellow 
l , fibr am rn mewhat tenacious or 
suits them best, b 
latter Pras à. shall again refer shortly. 
William Earley. 
Variorum. 
A HISTORY OF THE TURNIP. 
THE Turnip was known to the Greeks, who called 
this vegetable Gongyle, from the pon ndness of its 
roots. os to have been intr ced into Greece 
and Italy ‘fro 
ntury B.C., 
oa a the table, on ences: 6 
proper time for sow- 
am that x ast aay rg the 
vinities and ulcan 
ad August 2) ig si fooand i is 
lants 
result of very 
t the sowe 
get 
es that r ought 
to be stripped, ait that i ‘should offer a Paan 
while ae and say, “I sow this fi 
ny ka ighbou , or myself ; 
th at can be pirer from th 
the hier tery it is probable that the T va 
nearly the same place in R 
man food cou 
o are in possession oe money, 
am deprived of it and live in poverty.” 
It is most probable that the garden culture 
vegetable was introduced into 
others b ans, but I 
revived by 
— or introduced at that Period by the 3 
me of Henry kaa they were eaten baked, 
or iiid in the ashes, and th i 
marry me to yond fo 
I had rather be se quick i’ the earth 
bowld to deik with Tur 
F e remarks of Gerard, it would appear 
Turnips were not much grown in his time, except 
eo, kinson, who wrote 
ables Se eee in g 
d Mystery 7 His 
some years since they were 
as the commoner kind. Science Gossip. 
—Those who arein 
=n whether 
Po OCKET POSTAL ae 
are generally at 
of bronze is cut into forty-eight 
a po therefore, 
toan ounce, or home letters 
weight eq penny stamp. 
ifle 
ere, again, are ready-made weights for. 
Sovereigns are withia A shade of a chatter o 
