THE 
DECEMBER 5, 1874. 
GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
717 
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SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1874. 
_ APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 
Meeti i; š kis 
E Se — s Shrubs, Herbicoows Ponte 
utch “bulbs, at Stevens’ a pss 
Des Gi Sal “ys Tir Lilies, at Stevens’ Room 
ea of English- vat n Ca — “me and Dutch 
Bulbs, an Stev s Roo 
oo 
EAVING the first principles of sanitary 
ing them 
ity. 
purifies the h eleanses the water, and 
g 7 earth itself, and those that 
erg eae and blossom a Rose. 
5 join hands with increased 
nent. 
, however, has a start 
RONICLE 
A CT from the OFFICE, on payment 
aaea N tthe f lowing ia including Postage to any 
rticultural 
of 
from otages. 
sain world. 
| knowle: 
been made when 
e apparent, and it may be 
ieee few of these, so that they may be 
ed aside. One of the most formidable is 
of that by cutting off the sanitary sewage at its 
source, and applying it at once to the soil. 
second difficulty is dilution. By mixing the 
rainfall with sewage we increase its volume and 
lower its strength until the expense of applying 
it to the land is so increased, and its worth as a 
fertilisemso diminished that it is hardly worth a 
candle in a manurial sense. It is a simple 
matter to separate the rainfall from the sewage, 
> 
has arisen between the liquid and solid systems, 
as if both might not be best according to cir- 
cumstances, and the subject did not naturally 
thus divide itself, It matters comparatively little 
how the residuum of human and animal life 
gets to the land provided it does get there, and 
that by a summary prompt process. Other 
difficulties will be seen as we proceed, arising 
rom saree powers and unwilling agents ; 
but it may be wise now to turn to encourage- 
ments. 
One of the chief of these is the recognition of 
the sanitary evils that exist in the rural districts. 
For over a quarter of a century most of us have 
been familiar rite the difficulties and danger s 
of sanitary matters in r t 
and, as Mr. HOWARD pointed out, that subject 
had even been before the London Farmers 
Club as early as 1848, and yet it was only the 
other day that the question af the ae pa 
was taken into consideration by a body of men 
better qualified to deal with the pail en 
o body has 
- 
For years too the public and the press re- 
mained comparatively indifferent to the whole 
matter. A few before their age what wits 
ridiculed as the sewage craze, but the great 
have been taken to see the wretched sanitary 
state of the country, and to publish it to all the 
been wholly ignored throughout the dark ages, 
and still aikoi sete bad sinned against 
throughout Christendom 
E PE ee i 
owever, , we 
agree with Mr. Howarp that the revival of 
interest in, and the i 
p 
tinguishing characteristics of the Victorian 
era. Je stay not here to discuss whether 
not the ore of the day will or will 
ref initiate what has been facetiously called 
è 
however, the paradoxical 
pictures that have been drawn of rural life and 
rural homes, it is almost impossible to draw in 
colours darker than fact the wretched sanitary 
state of the rural districts. è is an immense 
deal to deplore which every well-wisher of his 
country would gladly see remedied ; and it- 
vour to shift = pA 
ee as some have atte to do, with the 
cial plea that the sanitary state is as bad | or 
If so, t 
Say 
difficulty in ‘dealing with the i in towns, 
and it may be for concerted action and new 
powers to improve the entire salted state of 
the kingdom. But two evils can never make a 
good between them; nor two dirty places or 
two dirty faces a clea) 
Instead of thus okra blame, let us esses 
facts. Mr. HOWARD collates a 
of the most highly favoured counties in England 
—Bedfordshire. Every one has heard of the care 
that the Dukes of BEDFORD have exercised over 
their estates, and of the number of improved 
cottages they have built. Within the last 
Ser years hundreds, with every sanitary con- 
ence, have been erected. This praise seworthy 
officer of the sanitary authority 
county? A history of horrors palling and 
revolting as any to be found, from Mr, CULLEY’s 
or Dr, FRASER’S —from the crowded manu- 
facturing towns of the North. Here is a 
sample :— 
“ Whole villages almost devoid of water are 
houses unfit for human dw a 
married ee with five or six grown-up sons 
and daughters sleeping in one, or at most two 
rooms, Seithout chimney, or any means of 
a 
“ The odasi ofñcer states that he has often 
been called into such rooms at night when the 
family were in bed—that the air was most sick- 
ening, and that no more fertile 
pee 
which, T Trd in its entirety, must hum! 
our pride, and lay our boasted pre-eminence in 
the dust, in that the degree of civilisation of a 
community may be gauged by its attention to 
cleanliness, and its observance of the laws of 
y matters we e are 
and Jews attest 
cleanliness, and to pro 
people. Many of the religious rites of the Jews, 
their many ablutions, careful selection of food, 
the enforcement of simple sanitary meas 
such as open-air eart eenz; &c., were 
gvir i to pre intact their 
of dirt, Let us break the back 
As the zma of this gro wing 
of a 
| impure ans con 
no privy ac 
foal patas at häri ae doors” 
Pure ee and plenty of ofi it, is pertaps the sist 
requisite to perfect health. On the contrary, 
of life, and is one of the most fruitful sour 
cl aangpes Be oe hap ea 
nd typhoid fevers! Pure water is 
— more gett in the country than in towns, 
in fact it cannot be had at any price in many 
places. The incumbent of a parish of 3009 
acres, near to Mr. HOWARD, in Bedfor 
writes—“ Thare, are no springs, and 
