778 
THE: GARDENERS: CHRONICLE. 
[DECEMBER 19, 1874, 
and Swedes, and especially as corn hardly pays the 
of cultivation. 
In utilising Parsnips it will be well to point to their 
composition. Professor Voelcker says, ‘‘ Carrots con- 
tain more water and possess a less nutritive value 
than Parsnips, The fatty oil, which can be extracted 
from Parsnips by means of ether, has a bright yellow 
colour, no perceptible smell, and an agreeable, sweet 
re is no soluble albumen in Parsnips, a 
instead of it, casein, and about an equal quantity of 
nsoluble protein compounds, By moistening a trans- 
verse section of Parsnip with dilute solution of iodine, 
the more yers are coloured blue, 
from the formation of iodide of starch, but the heart 
next to it are not turned blue at all, 
is deposited only in the 
at 
pa a seem most ae ro stock, and hence the 
may grow a stretch of each, 
an spate, the forked or ill-shaped roots, which 
in some seasons are sure to prevail, and sending the 
best to market as a vegetable esculent, 
We append the following as the 
_ Percentage Estimate Y the the Ci omposition of the Parsnip. 
| 
Natural | When 
state. quite dry. 
N — matter eke of Senai a T Ss 
on for = ining iets it 6. 87.18 
oe 9.65, 7.1 
and formation of PEE 
oe vs 1.00 5.57 
Water ve E 82.05 $ 
100.00 100,00 
We have used Parsnips for pigs, cow-stock, sheep and 
horses, and found them wholesome and palatable. 
Beasts and horses do not always relish them at first, 
but they very soon get fond of them, and we have 
found them have an especially good effect, as possess- 
Parsnips may be stored or r not, as as found convenient, 
as n) ps not get ‘injured either by being kept in the 
groun 
dug = as a fay may be wanted. 
the ground o of arene, as soon after the Carrot crop 
securely 
others we cave up like Mangels, and cover up 
with a layer of loose litter, and then a thick thatching 
straw, 
Florists Flowers. 
; tit a = among 
ic ; sent out ise ë marth deg year 
i the fine raised by Mr. J. 
to 
+ "ges Sma 
flowers, it would be Mr. J. Geor, 
made with these ge, 
oneal distributed by Mr. W. Paul. It is termed a 
hybrid nosegay, I su ithe fine because of its noble trusses 
of flower, else in ne symmetry of the large 
rounded pips it might pass fora true Zonal, 
ly striking—a pale, yet bright hue 
dashed with se OF. 
and Lustrous, all belonged to the 
gum 
5 
Au 
Hg 
p 
-H 
o xcel- 
white eye, pip large 
of excellent symmetry, and extra large bold 
truss. 
Mr. George has done good service to floriculture 
by = production of saat fine forms of this Dia 
flowe: ring the past y Circulator, a 
distinct devils ee variety still bolis its 
own among many ri valuable for pot 
eka It may be added 
varieties will be distributed by Mr. 
Hornsey, in the coming spring. Æ. D. 
Aotices of Pooks, 
Plants, their Natural Growth and Ornamental 
ment. By F. Hulme, F.L.S., &c. 
pants & Co.) 
’s book is ve intended more particularly 
for | the designet and less so for the botanist or culti- 
vator. Neverth i 
series of accurately drawn plates representing various 
plants, and an illustrative text containing much infor- 
mation which will be acceptable to the amateur, the 
1 that the foregoing new 
George Smith, of 
times so irritating to the di/etlante. Of the desight 
ror on ~ plants we need say but little. It appears 
that een more successful in 
printer’s 
ingr tk the baigo eRMa anything 
but serene 
oe eae and Handbook for Pte 
for 1875 (Da lin: W. H. Smith & Son) d 
ai SiS for the fullness of i information ‘that tit 
Cii upon a large variety of subjects connected 
with Ireland. a few facts, which will be 
read with interest : fastia is in the main an agri- 
tables before us ia T is 
a system of pasturage,” in 
desirabl i 
serious import fact that, combined with ¢ this 
increase of pasture, a has been a ing off in live 
ock , horses, sheep), though pigs have in- 
Saa i the course of sixteen 
tillage by bout 56 age acres, 
f . hers by m ee 
the general increase of a stock shot he 
same in bot itemi $ is clear, aes that while 
the Scotch have adop te ‘als of stall-feeding, the 
Irish cling to a een of simple grazing. Again, 
while hes arable land in is over 15,000 
statute acres, that of Sees = only 4, b+ 500,000, er 
the latt er 8, cattle, 
er country 
sheep, and pigs, while Trelaiut on its m Ac prone 
area maintains only 9,000,000. The papelak: of 
I d is now estimated at about 5,500,000—the 
number = Toa fa bs 1873 g over 90,000, a 
higher n 
JMGIIILALIS |, 000 
= 
ability and disposition of its people o procure the 
comforts and luxuries of life, Ireland is little behind 
other parts of the empire in all the indications of 
prosperity.” 
— A valuable ay on the Gums, Resins, Oleo- 
Resins, and Resinous Products in the India Museum or 
Erted in India, has been 
ooke under the direction o 
er of India (Dr. Forbes Watson). The re report 
takes notice of the several products under the follow- 
ing yr Sy Gums, including true gums, such as 
o-gums, such as tragacanth, 
which pa up but ka not nara in water ; and 
astringent gums. 2, Gum-resins, comprising emulsive 
e -resins, such as got fretid gum-resins, such 
asafcetida; and such as 
3 gum-resins, 
large bold perio S True resins, vedi e e 
This is _ Oleo-resins, inclu balsams, such f. 
Panes an i and r 
es, a remarkably deep e a salt, Y 
and good habit, distinct ; Enchan won E 
shaded with a deeper hue in the edge of the petals, 
and et with purple, distinct es character, with 
_. fine bold pip and truss; and nique, ‘lively 
—. eet with orange, ra pip and noble 
ut oil ; 
a forded by 
wood’s exhaustive paper on on the species of 
originally published in the iets oft the Linnean 
Society, is added, with its accom ag She arerin 
under each h and a 
cially, or economically, is giv 
spo with, in most cases, a reference =i t e Sii 
where further information It 
Appearance o 
m 
oa 
the 
pabla work 
bi mt 
India, as we find tively, few referen : 
orks ; moreover, the author has frequently pose te 
second-hand S es for his information, when re 
might just as , and with greater thenticity 
have taken it fror the original pu ion. Why, for 
Wig In a work of this character, however this i = 
of relatively little importance ; but the absence 4 
index is a very serious defect, and one which greatly 
detracts from the value of the book 
t number of the Gartenflora — that 
ich eac contains 
The las 
for September—whic 
coloured plates o 
co raci 
anically different from ¢ our own 
piate represents v 
und in a fossil. st 
in England, but were suppose: 
Ferns, whence the name, Cyclopteris, applied to them, 
e Florist for December contains coloured : 
e bloomer. Prince — Plum, a vari 
much in favour in the mark 
the subject of another illustratio: - 
—— The Tit i of the American Depart 
ee Agricultur October, has re reached 
us. It co. adii summary o! 
of the crops in the several States, and oti foe the 
State Entomologist, Chemist, Botanist = and 
sopi tespeclivel first-na tleman 
unsuccessful attempt to prove the ider 
of the leat gall louse of the Vine with the root- 
louse or lloxera. Vines ed with the latt 
were Vines i same ho 
The latter rs attacked by the root-lice, but non 
the leaf-galls or their atte s were foug 
and scald, ad s doin 
the gri rry pm inp of New Jersey. The, 
rotting appears to arise from m stagnant 
moisture an saedities on in eet soil, which evoly 
an odour of sped me 
Wi 
ae View. This is a specimen gene of a 
o agricul 
: 
t 
culture, and the cultivation of Me peer ona 
rafft undertakes the editorship, Y 
oodcuts, 
accompanied by 
wish it every success. 
Botanical Notes. 
ESSA some comm 
to the Linnean Society of Paris, 
the and ribs on the 
be ter (2.g., Carrot, on ote are wholly rine 
pendent of the nerves of t , and are 
ue 
SS. E 
stamens are all formed d before there is anyo 
of vessels. 
M. Baillon has latelely been experimenting on 
the pon power which leaves have of absor 
g-wetted. In this manner 
M. 
ceeded in keeping plants alive for two months * 
out giving the roots a drop of water. 
