REMAINS, FROM ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA. 181 
peer sa nir piu Заме. m a high degree, are not without effect on the 
present report for ihe inks ГАДЫ iai x en e ate pes pio 
observed in, but by no means limited Е. the In i Ha nyc м узе s 
what characteristic in that the left o bi је à зада эр оа att 
hes | suc, : ' left orbit is frequently the higher and narrower, 
giving an index greater than in the right; but there are also cases in which the 
condition is reversed. A similarly great variation in the orbital index is notice- 
able in the skulls from Arkansas described in the last report. 
The palate again shows predominantly brachyuranic. As in the case of all 
the other facial measurements, there can be isolated no distinct types correspond- 
ing to the separate forms of the skull, 
Other Measurements.—Special attention has been given to the determination 
of prognathism, and as it is important to show separately the alveolar slanting, an 
additional measurement used in the series described last year, namely, a diameter 
from basion to the middle of the nasal notches, has been employed. | 
The total facial angle, or more properly, the basi-facial angle—the angle ђе- 
tween the basion-alveolar point line and the line from alveolar point to nasion— 
ranges in ten of the male skulls (the only ones in which it could be determined) 
from 66° to 74°. The alveolar angle, or that between the basion-alveolar point 
line and the line from the alveolar point to the middle of the nasal notches (the 
inferior boundary of the nasal height), differed in the same individuals between 48° 
and 67°. The variation in the latter, it is seen, is perceptibly greater than in the 
former, showing that the inclination of the upper alveolar process in this series 
depends more on that of the facial parts behind and above it than on any causes 
inherent in itself or in the teeth. 
No similar measurements are as yet available for comparison with whites у but 
it is certain that both the facial and the alveolar average prognathism is in the 
Indians somewhat greater than in the whites, though less than in the American or 
African negro, or in the Melanesian. 
Measurements of the frontal bone show that the diameter frontal minimum is 
not considerable. It ranges in the thirteen males from 8.7 to 10.2 em., with the 
average of 9.6 cm., while in the ten females it measures from 8.6 to 10.2 em., the 
average being 9.3 em. The sex differences are not very material. It was further- 
more noticed that this measurement shows but little direct relation with the breadth 
of the skull; 2. e., the breadth of the skull and the breadth-length index. 
The diameter frontal maximum is of service only in the non-deformed skulls, 
being more or less altered in all cases in which either fronto-occipital or occipital 
compression is present. 
The main diameter of the foramen magnum ranges from 3 to 3.5 em. in six of 
the males where it could be measured, and from 3 to 3.3 сіп. in three of the females. 
The lower jaw shows only moderate dimensions. The bigonial diameter varies 
in nine males from 9.9 to 11.2 em. and in seven females from 9.5 to 10.7 em. The 
average height of the symphisis is 3.65 em. in the males (3.2 to 3.9 em.), and 3.45 
em. (3.1 to 3.6 em.) in the females. The angle shows very little difference in the 
1 A large series is, however, promised by Dr. Rivet, who arrived independently at measuring the 
_ basi-facial angle in a similar manner. See “ L'Anthropologie,” XX, 1909, 35 et seq., and 175 et seq. 
