REMAINS, FROM ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA. 197 
IV. 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA CRANIA, 
Cranial Vault. 
The conformation of the vault differs, naturally, in accordance with the type 
of the skull. As to the non-deformed brachycephalic specimens, practically the 
same description will apply as was given in last year’s report on the Menard and 
Greer crania: the forehead in these skulls is usually well built, though rather 
narrow in front; the sagittal region is either uniformly rounded from side to side 
or shows a small to moderate elevation along the sagittal suture; the parietal and 
occipital regions are uniformly convex, without any special protrusion of the parietal 
bosse or of the mid-occipital region. 
The temporal ridges, while usually fairly well marked, are in no case exceptional 
nor do they in any case approach near the sagittal line. On the occiput several of 
the specimens, mentioned specially in the paragraph on anomalies, show a pro- 
nounced, more or less extensive, torus. A number of skulls, including some of 
those with a torus, exhibit also a marked (in one case a very decided) depression in 
middle at and above theinion. This fossa is characteristic and is not accidental, It 
is observable in the Arkansas crania and occurs with greater or less rarity in Indian 
skulls from other parts of North America. It apparently served for an attach- 
ment either of a ligament (extreme part of the lig. nuchæ) or of portions of the 
trapezius muscle. 
The more oblong Louisiana skulls are characterized : by a sagittal elevation 
more pronounced and broader than that occurring in the brachycephals, and this 
crest extends occasionally forward to the frontal bone ; by the greater frequency of 
а low forehead; by lesser convexity of the parietal regions but greater distinctness 
of the eminences; and by more or less protrusion of the occiput. 
Supra-orbital Ridges. 
Compared with what may be regarded as the average in whites, the supra- 
orbital ridges in the two series of skulls under consideration appear as follows y 
ARKANSAS | : LOUISIANA 
Males Females | | Males Females 
Small 4 6 | 2 6 
oderate 1 4 | 3 11 
Well developed 8 1 | 8 1 
( e- | 
dium іп white | | 
Pronounced | 0 0 | 4 | 0 
[t is seen that of the male skulls (of the sexual determination of which there 
! In 93 male and 13 female Arkansas skulls from the old collections in the National Museum, 
the condition of the supra-orbital ridges is : None, M. 0, F. 1; small, M. 3, F. 10; moderate, M. 8, 
F. 0; well developed, M. 10, F. 2; pronounced, M. 2. : 
