REMAINS, FROM ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA. 211 
long and the other bones serve to strengthen the conclusion that we аге dealing 
with two groups of the same people, or rather of the same mixture of people. 
The separation of the bones pertaining to individuals respectively with rounded 
and with oblong skulls would have been desirable, but, for reasons already given, 
this has not been feasible. 
On the whole the specimens show all the characteristics exhibited by Indian 
bones, though some of these characteristics, such as platyenemy, are less pronounced 
or are less general than in the case of bones from other localities, 
Many of the bones are diseased; these are dealt with in the final section of the 
report. Arthritic conditions are common, and inflammatory lesions, which in all 
probability can be ascribed to syphilis, also are frequent. 
As to anomalies, those of an important nature rarely occur in the Arkansas 
series. The fifth lumbar vertebra of male skeleton 255.127 shows a defect in fusion 
of the lamin. And the right patella of male skeleton 255.141 is characterized by 
an unusually pronounced vastus externus notch (Fig. 9 d). 
Among the Louisiana bones the left female humerus 255.108 shows a peculiar 
irregular exostosis back of the lower third of the deltoid ridge (Fig. 5, e). Right 
tibia of male skeleton 255.100 shows a pronounced popliteal ridge 16.0 em. long. 
The right innominate bone of male skeleton 255.210, and the right and left inno- 
minate bones of female skeleton 255.105, have the medio-iliac foramen. The sacrum 
of 255.217, male, shows a considerable enlargement of the right transverse mass of 
its first segment and a large irregular facet thereon, by which it articulates with 
the enlarged lateral process of the last lumbar vertebra (Fig. 8). The seventh 
cervical vertebra of male 225,215 shows a foramen 5 by 2.5 mm, (defect of fusion 
in its spinous process), slightly distad from the middle (Fig. 9 a). 
The first dorsal of 255.212, female, shows a peculiar lateral process on the left 
side, appearing like an anchylosed accessory rib, though both regular costal articular 
facets are present (Fig. 9 b). Finally, the fourth lumbar of 255.219, female, shows 
a separation of the posterior part of its neural arch, and its articulation with the 
pedicles by a very irregular facet on each side; both the third and fifth lumbars 
being normal (Fig. 9 c). 
The Humerus. 
The total number of paired humeri is 92, representing 28 males and 18 females. 
Their average length ranges in the males from 32.6 to 32.7 cm., and in the females 
from 29.8 to 32.0 cm., almost exactly the averages obtained by the writer from 
observations on 378 male and 133 female white Americans from eastern United 
States! The relation between the female and male arm-bones is approximately as 
92 to 100, which also is equal to that in whites. This length of humerus would 
correspond, according to Manouvriers standards, to a stature average of about 
166 cm. in males and about 154 cm. in females. This point will be dealt with 
again under Femur (page 215). 
1 This and additional material which will be here referred to is in preparation for special publication. 
