280 ANTIQUITIES OF THE ST. FRANCIS, WHITE, 
Cones of this type’ vary somewhat in minor particulars, some having, and 
some being without, holes in the apices, and will be referred to in connection with 
other mounds along the river. 
These fireplaces were not characterized by the ordinary debris found near fires 
devoted to culinary purposes, but contained masses of burnt clay, of irregular shape, 
ranging in size to double that of a closed hand. Possibly these masses had served 
in the construction of ovens for firing pottery, as with these masses were found 
numbers of fragments of vessels, which had a new appearance and did not seem to 
have been in use, but rather appeared to be parts of vessels that had broken in the 
process of firing. 
Side by side were three objects, similar to one another, of hal£fired clay, flat 
as to the base, with convex upper surface and rounded ends, much resembling cer- 
tain loaves of bread in shape. Longitudinally, on each upper surface, is a groove 
./5 inch in width. 
Also apart from burials were four tubular beads of copper; one perforated cyl- 
inder of charred wood; piercing implements of bone; eight arrowpoints of flint, 
seven leaf-shaped, one barbed; rude discoidal stones, some made from pebbles ; flint 
knives; chisels wrought from pebbles of flint; pitted stones; seven “celts,” five of 
quartzite, one of igneous rock, and one of flint, ranging from 2.1 inches to 4.5 
inches in length. 
We shall now turn to artifacts which were associated with burials. 
Of the two hundred and seven burials in the Rose Mound there were twenty- 
two which had with each of them, usually, but not always, associated with a vessel 
or vessels of earthenware, a single bead of shell, two beads of shell, or a number 
of shell beads, nearly all of which were badly decayed. 
Of these twenty-two burials, four were of adults and eighteen were of children, 
including infants. 
We shall now describe in detail all burials found by us at the Rose Mound 
that were accompanied with artifacts other than shell beads or vessels of earthen- 
ware, but we shall include in our description beads of shell and pottery utensils 
when they were found with these burials in connection with other objects. 
Burial No. 3, adult, partly flexed on the left side, had eighteen curious objects 
of earthenware, pillar-shaped, flat on what presumably are the bases, and slightly 
1 It is interesting to note that similar cones were in use under like conditions in prehistoric Europe. 
icle on the excavation of stone-age dwelling-pits and cremation-graves in the Hanau 
region, Prof. Friedrich Heiderich writes—“ The second dwelling-pit was likewise round, and of about 
the same dimensions as the first. A definite fireplace was not recognizable within it [as there was in 
the first]. There were found a quantity of sherds of large vessels, quite like those of the former pit, 
but lying scattered throughout. In the center of the pit a well preserved mealing-stone lay overturned. 
nantes ser i. Further there was found in the vicinity of the mealing stone, a peculiar object of burnt 
clay, of sugar-loaf form—the use of which is problematical. Its height is 16 ст. ; the diameter at th 
base, 10 ст. This object is not perforated at the point, as are similar ones which have been found in 
other localities. [Translation]—Korrespondenz-Blatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, 
Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, XLI-1-3, p. 11, Archiv fur Anthropologie, N. F., B. IX. 
With the text is an illustration showing a cone of earthenware greatly resembling some found by 
us on St. Francis river. 
