SOME ABORIGINAL SITES ON RED RIVER. 531 
At the inner side of the left leg was a small earthenware ves- 
sel, and at the left ankle were nine shell beads averaging about the 
same in size as do other shell beads found with this skeleton. А 
bowl much broken lay at the feet. 
In addition to these various objects placed immediately 
with the skeleton, an interesting mortuary deposit had been 
arranged in the pit. Placed vertically near the eastern 
corner of the grave were four earthenware pipes, the 
bowls downward. These pipes, of the type to which 
reference has been made, included two somewhat in- 
complete, they either having been put into the 
mound with parts missing, or parts of them had 
been thrown back and lost by our diggers who 
came upon them unexpectedly, One of the 
other two pipes, which were entire, was 22 
inches in length. This deposit was not 
upon the base of the pit, the bowls of 
the pipes having been placed some dis- 
tance above it, the stems projecting 
upward. The bowl farthest down 
(the bowls were not on the same 
plane) was 7 inches above the 
base. 
A little farther in and 
a few inches above the 
base of the pit were 
ten arrowpoints of 
flint. On the base, 
to the right of the 
skeleton, but a 
short distance 
from it, and 
extending 
to the 
mar- 
gin of 
the grave, 
was a layer 
p of crushed 
£ pottery vessels 
У on which lay а 
= beautiful сегето- 
У nial axe of slate, with 
* flaring blade, 14.7 
inches in length (Fig. 25). 
Adhering to some of 
4 the pottery fragments was a 
, small amount of red oxide of 
у iron, powdered for use ав ріс- 
% ment, and a quantity of purple 
4 material respecting which Doctor 
Keller reports as follows: 
4 “Тһе ‘purple pigment from Haley 
Ка mound, Burial No. 2, consists of oxide 
E of iron, silicious matter, and carbonate 
У of lime. The peculiar purplish red-brown 
color suggests that of burnt sienna, and is 
very similar to that which the red iron pigments 
assume on ignition. I cannot find any other col- 
oring matter than oxide of iron in this material, 
and believe that it must have been strongly heated.” 
This treatment by heat presumably was intentionally 
done to obtain the purple color, as we also have occasion 
to state in our description of pigment of this kind, found 
with Burial No. 9 in the great pit. 
Below the pottery were ornaments of shell, including 
three disks, imposed on which were bosses of sheet-copper, 
badly decayed. 
3 
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