548 SOME ABORIGINAL SITES ON RED RIVER. 
sels being badly crushed. With this deposit was a mass of purple pigment, about 
the size of a cocoanut, which Doctor Keller has proved to be oxide of iron that had 
been subjected to heat, thus changing it from the original red. Presumably this 
change was wrought intentionally and not through accident, as we have explained 
in connection with similar material found with Burial No. 2. Nothing else with 
the burial had been exposed to fire. 
About one foot beyond the skull, toward the head of the grave, was a banner- 
stone of the “butterfly” pattern, made from rock-crystal. One wing has been 
broken in former times and the area of fracture carefully smoothed to allow the 
continued use of the ornament (Fig. 38). 
It is interesting to note in this connec- 
tion that we found in a mound at Thorn- 
hill Lake, Volusia County, Florida, two 
pendent ornaments, each made from the 
wing of a banner-stone. Our late friend, 
Andrew E. Douglass, Esq., first called our 
attention to the origin of these ornaments 
and informed us he had found a similar 
one in a mound on Tomoka Creek, about 
thirty-six miles north of Thornhill Lake. 
With this ornament and extending 
18 inches above the level of the head of the 
F^ flo aa AUC (QUUM no grave was a group of objects as follows: 
two quartz crystals, each about 3.5 inches 
in length; a mussel-shell (Unzo purpuratus); a small amount of red pigment; 
a pebble; a bone piercing implement, badly decayed ; remnants of a rattle of shell 
(tortoise or turtle) with numerous pebbles still adhering, and one part pierced, 
probably for suspension; two alligator teeth, each about 3 inches in length and each 
pierced at the proximal end to serve as a pendant. 
In the upper left-hand corner of the grave was a deposit of pipes of earthen- 
ware, of the kind of which so many were found in the body of the mound. These 
pipes, four in number, were all somewhat broken, one being badly crushed. Two 
of the pipes had been interred without the proximal ends of the pottery stems. 
With this deposit of pipes were: a celt of quartzite, 5 inches in length; a small 
chisel; an arrowhead of flint; a bone implement, very badly decayed. 
Near this deposit, but farther down the left side of the grave, were three 
earthenware pipes together, placed vertically, the bowls downward. One, 6 inches 
in length, has all parts present, but the proximal ends of the other two are missing. 
This deposit, like all objects in this grave, was carefully removed with a trowel so 
that the chance of loss of any parts of the pipes in removal may be regarded as 
negligible. 
The pottery vessels from this grave were disappointing. One might fairly 
' “Certain Sand Mounds of the St. Johns River, Florida,” Part II, pp. 168, 170. 
