24 EVOLUTIONS OF ORGANIZATION. 
they were on another line of rails, and moving in 
an opposite direction. Affinity means morpho- 
logical relationship, and is a matter of observation ; 
but the pedigree of species cannot, in the nature 
of things, be the subject of either observation or 
induction. Every affinity pointed out is a scientific 
gain; but it is no advantage to science to put 
affinities forward in the form of an allegation that 
the allied forms are descended from a common 
ancestor of imaginary structure. If evolutions are 
definite, or, in other words, if morphological design 
exist, the necessity for explaining a// affinity by 
genetic relationship disappears. 
The quotation from Hiackel just made will 
probably lead you to reflect that it is of the utmost 
importance, in considering the relations of both 
life and intelligence to matter, to have a clear 
understanding what the properties of matter are. 
Now, if we consider the phenomena of matter in 
its inorganic forms, we cannot fail to see that they 
are all of one order,—viz., related to movement 
in space. The energy spoken of in connection 
with matter is nothing but movement and tendency 
to movement,—a thing whose dealings are alto- 
gether with locality. But it is the immediate 
experience of every one that consciousness is not 
movement in space. No doubt it is found in- 
