50 EXPRESSION. 
expressed by the same words. More shortly, the 
workings of the mind are expressed by attitudes, 
gestures, and movements of body of a nature cor- 
relative with them. 
That which we like we desire to be near to, what 
we dislike we seek to avoid ; but it is not merely 
on these accounts that we bend the body forwards 
and approach that which pleases us, while we 
retreat or draw our head and body back from what 
is offensive. In numerous instances such move- 
ments and gestures are made not from any notion 
of achieving a purpose, and still less from an 
inherited habit founded in their utility to real or 
supposed ancestors, but simply from the close con- 
nection subsisting between movement towards an 
object and mental attraction to it, or between 
movement away from an object and a feeling of 
repulsion. 
A similar remark holds good with regard to 
movement of the arms, which perform gestures of 
receiving and rejecting. It may be mentioned in 
passing that so far as these are performed from 
the shoulder, they are accomplished respectively by 
the Zectoralis major muscle, which might be termed 
the muscle of embrace, and the J/atissimus dorsi 
muscle, which might be called the muscle of rejec- 
tion. Lift the arm into the position which places the 
