EXPRESSION. 57 
and one may see in the stare of absorption that the 
eyes are parallel or slightly divergent, therefore 
probably with the muscles of the eyeballs relaxed. 
But enough, probably, has been said to illustrate 
the principle sought to be established, that atti- 
tudes and gestures, including movement of the 
eyes, have direction corresponding essentially with 
the emotions which they express. 
3. The same principle is applicable to the ex- 
pressions of the features. It is palpable that in 
feelings of elation the angles of the mouth are 
raised, the upper eyelid also is drawn well up, the 
eyebrows are lifted, though not sufficiently to pro- 
duce the slightest wrinkle of the brow, and even 
the lower eyelid is raised, partly by contraction of 
fibres of the ordicularis, partly pushed by the rising 
cheek. Nor is elevation the only movement, but 
nature expresses the expansive feeling, the ten- 
dency of gladness to widen its scope, by an outward 
movement. The angles of the mouth spread more 
outwards than upwards, and as elation is carried 
further the mouth begins to open. The apertures 
of the eyes are not as capable as the mouth of out- 
ward enlargement ; but to them also the appear- 
ance of greater breadth is given by the formation 
of lines spreading outwards and upwards from the 
outer angles. Nor is the nose, though less move- 
