CH. XXX.] CONSCIOUSNESS AND THOUGHT. 43 



nervous energy, wliicli requires to be renewed in sleep ; 

 and that, as muscular exertion causes decomposition of the 

 substance of the muscles, so mental exertion causes de- 

 composition of the substance of the brain, separating 

 phosphorus, which is fouud in the excreta. 



We have seen reason to believe that there are separate 

 cerebral nerves for consciousness, thought, and will ; and 

 we have seen that these correspond with the three primary 

 mental functions of Feeling, Thought, and Will. 



In speaking of the results of psychological analysis, I 

 say feeling, thought, and will, rather than consciousness, 

 thought, and will. Feeling includes consciousness, but it Feeling is 

 also includes sensation. All action of the sensory ganglia ^' '^^ * ^" 



conscious- 



produces feeling : those feelings which originate in im- ness. 

 pressions coming from the external organs of sense, or from Feelings of 



*- ° o ' sensation 



the external termination of any of the nerves of the body, and feel- 

 belong to sensation ; those feelings which originate within cousc*ious- 

 the brain itself belong to consciousness. The simplest, ness. 

 and the primary form of consciousness, is the conscious- Gradations 



. ... .of con- 



ness of a sensation while it is present ; out of this, all sciousness. 

 other forms of consciousness are developed. The next form 

 of consciousness is memory, or the consciousness of a 

 sensation which is no longer present. Beyond this are 

 that large class of feelings or emotions, which, to use H. Emotions. 

 Spencer's felicitous expression, are " generated indepen- 

 dently in consciousness," and have no prototype in mere 

 bodily sensation. The most elementary of these are desire 

 of the pleasures, and fear of the pains, of sensation ; but 

 beyond these elementary emotions are that higher class of 

 feelings which attach themselves not to sensations but to 

 higher objects, including the sense of beauty and the social 

 and moral feelings. 



Thus we can classify feelings. We can identify the 

 nervous organs of sensation and consciousness, and 

 ascertain the physical conditions under which feelings of 

 sensation and consciousness arise ; and we can trace the 

 origin of one class of feelings out of another by develop- 

 ment within the mind itself (as, for instance, memory out 

 of sensation, and desire and fear out of the consciousness 



