CONTENTS OF VOL. II. XV 



suggestions to aiiotliev, or furnishing materials to another, or supplying instru- 

 ments to another — The telesco])e and the microscope — Connexion of mathe- 

 matics with dynamics — The laws of dynamics imply tliose of mathematics — 

 This kind of relation is to be the basis of the classification, which is to he a 

 series — Such a series is only approximately possible — The order is from the 

 simple and general to the complex and special — Summary — No single series 

 in nature — First division into logic, and its applications — Logic, unlike the 

 other sciences, is not an organon — Logical notation is not an instrument of 

 reasoning — Logic is the initial science — Mathematical and physical sciences — 

 Mathematics comes before physics — Algebra, arithmetic, and geometry — 

 Sciences of matter and of life — Those of matter come first — Dynamical and 

 chemical sciences — General and secondary dynamical sciences — The dynamical 

 come before the chemical — Molecular physics, chemistry, and crystallography 

 — Molecular physics defined — Crystallography — Two groups of the sciences of 

 life — First, those of the properties of organisms — Morphology and physiology 

 — Psychology — Second group not yet systematized — Tabular statement — Posi- 

 tion of astronomy, meteorology, and geology in another series of sciences, 

 whereof the subjects are not laws, but phenomena — I propose to call them the 

 cosmic sciences — Parallelism of the abstract and the cosmic sciences — Its 

 ground — Gradation of phenomena from the vastest to the smallest — Astronomy 

 — Terrestrial magnetism — Meteorology — Oceanography — Geography — Geology 

 — Mineralogy — Palajontology and the distribution of species — Corresj)ondences 

 between the two series — Tabular enumeration of the cosmic sciences — Imagi- 

 nary case of a being coming near the universe : the order in which he would 

 see its phenomena — Chain of laws, each link presupposing that which comes 

 before it — Parallel to this in the arrangement of things — Living beings are 

 small in proportion to matter — Matter is small in proportion to space — The 

 widest laws are the simplest, and act through the longest time — The only 

 certainly unalterable truths are those of logic— Time and space were before 

 matter — Gravitation is the only constantly acting force — Life and mind are 

 the latest j)roducts — The highest products are the least in quantity, and the 

 last in time — Harmony of the mind of man with nature — Artistic rule of 

 highest beauty in least quantity, and, in poetry and music, at the end — Not all 

 knowledge is included in the sciences enumerated in this chapter — I believe in 

 metaphysics and theology — Opposition of liter'ature and history to science — 

 Nature of historical science. 



Note : Comte and Humboldt on the Classification of the Sciences :— My obligations 

 to Comte — His series of the sciences — Where my series differs from his — Posi- 



. tion of dynamics : of astronomy — Science of language omitted by Comte — My 

 obligations to Humboldt Pp. 198 — 220 



CHAPTER XIAY. 



REM.\nK.S ON THE HISTORY OF SCIENt'E. 



Agreement of the historical order of the evolution of the sciences with their 

 logical order — Illustration from painting a picture — The truth stated above is 

 only approximate — The progress of science is twofold, deductive and inductive 



