CONTENTS OP VOL. II. Vll 



of will — Ideo-mutor and voluntary action.s : how distinguished — The theory 

 incomplete. 

 Note : Nervous Currents : — Consciousness is always a secondary phenomenon — 

 The secondary current is not a continuation of the first — Compared to electric 

 telegraph currents — Nerve-fibres are more than merely conductors. Pp. 18 — 41 



CHAPTER XXX. 



CONSCIOUSNESS AND THOUGHT. 



Physiology is useless as a guide in any but elementary psychology, though all 

 mind depends on nervous action — Proofs of this — Feeling is wider than con- 

 sciousness — Feelings of sensation and feelings of consciousness — Gradations of 

 consciousness — Emotions — Feeling is inexplicable — Thought is explicable — It 

 becins with the sense of the relation of sensations to each other — Attention to 

 one particular sensation, or to one particular relation between sensations — 

 Instance in geometrical study — We have no real consciousness of relations, 

 only of related things — But we have knowledge of relations — Unconscious 

 thought thus explained — Thought ceases to be conscious when it is of relations 

 only, to the exclusion of the feelings between which the relations are — "What is 

 taken for consciousness of thought is often really consciousness of mental effort. 



Pp. 42—47 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



MENTAL HABIT. 



All actions tend to become habitual— Motor habits— Voluntary actions becoming 

 habitual and consensual— Mental habit, or association of ideas — Impressions on 

 consciousness are either sensory or ideal — Law of association stated — Instance 

 of a man's face and his voice— Groups of sensations— Association by contiguity 

 and by resemblance, both cases of the same principle — Explanation of associa- 

 tion by resemblance : it is a case of association by contiguity— The power 

 of cognising resemblance and difference is an ultimate fact — All association 

 depends on habit— Forgetting, a case of loss of habits by disuse— Reappearance 

 of memories supposed to be lost — Association enters into all mental acts — 

 Memory— Acquisition of knowledge — Accurate knowledge — Error— Reverie — 

 Invention — Reasoning — The mind cannot create, but can only combine — Are all 

 mental facts referable to the law of mental habit alone ?— Parallel question in 

 biology— I believe in intelligence, in addition to the laws of Kabit— The ques- 

 tion stated : Is intelligence an ultimate fact ?— Why I have treated of associa- 

 tion so brieflv PP' *8-5^ 



