72 



HABIT AJSD INTELLIGENCE. 



[chap. 



recol- 

 lected. 



Imagina- 

 nation. 



Continu- 

 ance of im 

 pressions. 

 Memory. 



Eecollec- 

 tion. 



Imagina- 

 tion. 



have passed before the sight without being consciously 

 attended to may be recognised when they are seen again ; 

 but only those which have been consciously and voluntarily 

 attended to can be recollected. 



We have now traced the development of memory, from 

 the mere retaining of impressions on the consciousness, up 

 to the voluntary recollection of them. A higher stage of 

 what is really the same development consists in imagina- 

 tion, or the formation of new combinations, by the action of 

 the mind itself, out of tlie materials furnished by memory. 

 The mind cannot create ; it can only recombine. Memory 

 must furnish the materials for imagination to work on. 

 The Greeks, in the language of allegorical fable, or rather 

 allegorical truth, called the Muses the daughters of 

 Mnemosyne. 



There are thus four stages of the development of the 

 powers of memory and imagination : — 



1. Continuance of an impression in consciousness after 

 it has vanished from sensation. 



2. Memory by association. 



3. Voluntary memor}^, or recollection. 



4. Imagination, or recombination of remembered im- 

 pressions by the action of the mind, sometimes voluntary, 

 sometimes involuntary and spontaneous. 



Develop- 

 ment of 

 reasoning 

 out of cog- 

 nition of 

 relations. 



Elemen- 

 tary rela- 

 tions. 



Likeness. 



Side by side with the development of the powers of 

 memory and imagination proceeds the development of the 

 reasoning power. As the germ of memory is the power of 

 the consciousness to retain the impression of a sensation, 

 after the sensation itself has vanished ; so the germ of 

 the reasoning power consists in the power of cognising 

 the relation of different sensations one to another. 



There are, I believe, three, and only three, kinds of 

 simple elementary relations between differerit sensations; 

 these are : — 



1. The relation of likeness or uulikeness ; as when two 

 spots of colour are perceived to be like or unlike. For 

 brevity, let us call this the relation of likeness. 



2. The relation of co-existence or succession in time. If 



