78 HABIT AXD INTELLIGEXCE. [cHAP. 



the fear of harm for oneself, arise the desire of good and 

 the fear of harm for others. This among animals appears 

 to be confined to the care for offspring, and the sympathy 

 of gregarious animals of the same flock for each other ; but 

 in man it becomes the root of patriotism, philanthropy, 

 and all the unselfish ^irtues. 



The last and highest kind of moral development consists, 



in its rudimentary form, of those affections which are not 



to be referred, either directly or (as I believe) indirectly, 



to the pleasures and pains of mere sensation : the most 



Love of important of these are the love of beauty and the love 



©rkMw- of knowledge. Higher than these, but on the same line 



ledge, Qf development, is the moral sense — the love of holiness, 



ana of ^ i i j <? • 



holiness, and the fear and hatred oi sm. 



I have now, in conclusion, to enumerate in tabular 

 form the various kinds, or rather the various directions, of 

 mental development, with the successive stages of each. 

 I do not think it at all likely that my enumeration can be 

 nearly perfect — I have no doubt it will be found to admit 

 of great improvements in detail ; but I am cominced of 

 the substantial correctness of its plan. The main divisions 

 — those which are marked with Arabic figures — are, I 

 believe, entirely right. They differ from each other not in 

 degree but in kind, and may be compared — to use an 

 illustration which is quite accurate for the present purpose 

 — to the branches of a tree. The subdi^-isions — those 

 which are marked with Greek letters — may, no doubt, be 

 greatly improved in detail, especially those of the emotional 

 part. The successive subdivisions of the same division 

 differ in degree rather than in kind ; they are, at least in 

 several instances, successively developed out of each other, 

 and may be compared, not to distinct branches, but rather 

 to the successive parts of the same branch. It will be 

 seen that the principle of this table is the same as that in 

 the chapter on Organic Functions^ — of which, indeed, it 

 may be regarded as a continuation The arrangements 

 of the subjects in the two tables are not quite consistent 



1 Vol. i. p. 163. 



