XXXVII.] RELATION OF MIND TO SPACE AND TIME. 135 



expressed in space than in time. Thus, we speak of a expresseJ 

 space of time, but not of the converse : we never speak of [j^ia^u ^^ 

 a time of space. On the other hand, we speak of numbers time : 

 in terms of time, even when the numbers indicate ratios tlwugh 



' , . . number is 



between spaces ; thus we say that the sun is many times as expressed 

 far off as the moon. From these facts, as well as from "^ ^""®' 

 those dwelt on in the last chapter concerning our cognition [i^."|.'^|.^j^g°'^ 

 of space, I conclude that our knowledge of space and our cognitions 

 knowledge of time are distinct in their origin, and parallel, ^^^^ ^° 

 though closely connected, in their development. separate 



It may be said that all this is irrelevant. It may be " 

 said that the mere examination of our habitual thoughts arcniment 

 throws but little light on their origin, just as the anatomy relevant? 

 and physiology of a mature organism may throw but 

 little light on its larval form and on the mode of its 

 development. I formerly thought this argument was valid, 

 but I have in a great degree been compelled to modify my 

 opinion^ in consequence chiefly of the very remarkable Reason fo 

 manner in which our thoughts of space actually do, as I !{^"J^1°" 

 have shown in the last chapter, retain traces of their 

 mode of development, and of what, by a bold but perfectly 

 accurate metaphor, I may call their larval form. The Larval an 

 larval form of our cognition of space is derived from touch f(Jpn]^s^of 

 and from the motions of the hand only ; in its developed these 



■, • 1 f 1 ■ ■ n -,1 • 1 , -NT cognitions. 



form it IS derived from these conjointly with sight. JSIow, 

 as I have shown, we spontaneously think of space in terms 

 of linear magnitude, which are given by the hand, and 

 not in terms of angular magnitude, which are given by 

 the eye. This is a very decided remnant and record of 

 the origin of our cognition of space by touch, and not by 

 sight. If it were true that the cognition of space were 

 developed out of the cognition of time, we should surely 

 find some such evidence as this of its development ; but 

 we find none such. Time is linear, and so is motion ;^ and 

 if our cognition of space were developed by means of 

 motion out of our cognition of time, we surely should 

 think more easily and more spontaneously of a line 



1 It may be said that rotatory motion is not linear, but angular. Hut 

 rotatory motion may always bo resolved into linear nintiiius. 



