XXXIX.] MENTAL INTELLIGENCE. 163 



remembrance, association, and recombination of ideas, and Belief 

 involve belief in things external, in things past, or in things "elfigence ' 

 future, imply intelligence as an ultimate irresolvable fact. 



The rudimentary form of belief in things external is 

 perception. The rudimentary form of belief in things past 

 is memory. Belief in things future is expectation. I con- 

 sequently conclude, that in the simplest act of perception, 

 memory, or expectation, an intelligence is implied which 

 is not the result of experience, but is a necessary condition 

 of the acquisition of experience ; just as in every act of as nutri- 

 organic nutrition and growth an organizing power is at ^^°^ ^? 

 work, which is not a result of the physical and chemical imply _ 

 properties of the food that supplies the materials for build- po^eiT^"^ 

 ing up the organism, but which is a necessary condition of 

 all nutrition and growth. But it must be remembered that 

 intelligence is not necessarily conscious ; on the contrary, 

 it admits of all degrees from perfect unconsciousness to 

 perfect consciousness. 



In the biological chapters of this work, I have several inteiH- 

 times dwelt on the fact that the evidence of organizing loinfnates 

 intelligence is the strongest where the organization is the most in 

 highest — stronger, for instance, " in insect's wing or eagle's ^fe ^Sth 

 eye," than in any part of a tree or of a zoophyte. No proof organic 

 is needed for the parallel fact in psychology — the fact, mental. 

 namely, that the higher the mental nature, the greater 

 is the influence of intelligence, and the more decided its 

 domination. 



In conclusion, I have to make some remarks on the Peculiari- 

 peculiarities of the mind of man, as distinguished from the ^i^^ ^f 

 minds of the highest animals. So far as I am able to man. 

 perceive, there is not any single principle to which the 

 whole of man's manifold superiorities are to be traced. I 

 have already expressed my opinion that what is most 

 characteristic of the moral nature, namely, the sense of 

 holiness and of its opposite, sin, is due to a peculiar Sense of 

 spiritual intelligence in man, distinct in kind from any ^° '"^ss., 

 principle of organic or animal intelligence, and having no 



M 2 



