Proibic- 

 tion of 

 new t)'pes 

 of charac- 

 ter in 

 coloniza- 

 tion. 



Average 

 (litference 

 of emi- 

 grants 

 friini the 

 parent 

 stock. 



Direct 

 elfect of 

 now cir- 

 cum- 

 stances. 



Natural 

 selection 

 by clin 

 of a r.ice 

 suited 

 thereto, 



CHAPTER XLI. 



NATUKAL SELECTION !>[ HISTORY. 



IN tlie preceding chapter I have spoken of the applica- 

 tion of the laws of habit and vaiiation to the facts of 

 history. In this chapter I shall speak of the application 

 of the law of Natural Selection to the same. 



I shall first speak of the physical action of natural selec- 

 tion, in producing new types of mankind by the process of 

 colonizing new countries. I mean colonization as it is 

 effected now, by the voluntary emigration of individuals 

 and of families ; not, as it took place in prehistoric and early 

 historic times, by the migration of whole tribes together. 

 Tn the first place, it is the most restless, ambitious, and 

 energetic that emigrate ; this characteristic, lilce all otliers, 

 tends to become hereditary ; and thus, from the very first, 

 a difference of average character is established between the 

 emigrant population and the parent stock. I think it is 

 certain that this cause has much to do with that peculiarity 

 in the character of our North American and Australian 

 kinsmen which is sometimes called energy and sometimes 

 restlessness. In the second place, the different physical 

 and social circumstances of the new country from those of 

 the old will tend in various ways to modify character, and 

 these modifications wUl also tend to be inherited. Lastly, 

 there will be some individuals and families among the 

 ''^''*^ emigrating population to whom the climate of their new 

 country is congenial, and others to whom it is compara- 

 tively unhealthy : the former will have the greatest chance 

 of surviving and of leaving descendants, whQe the latter 

 die or abandon the country, in either case leaving few or 



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