CHAPTEE XIII. 



ORGANIC SUBORDINATION. 



WE have seen in the last chapter, that the highest 

 organic development is the most complete physiolo- 

 gical division of labour, and the most perfect physiological 

 centralization. In the lowest organic species, and in the 

 germs of the highest, the parts are all alike and all inde- 

 pendent of each other ; in the mature forms of the highest 

 species the parts are all different, and the whole organism Organic 

 is bound together into one system, with aU its parts ationTnd 

 mutually dependent. To speak technically, organic pro- integra- 

 gress consists in increasing differentiation and increasing ' 

 integi'ation} 



Besides these, there are within the organism relations 

 of dependence and of siibordination, which I have now depend- 

 to describe. Before stating the relation of organic de- subordhia- 

 pendence, I must go back to the inorganic sciences. tion. 



Whatever exists, so far as is known, or can be known, Space and 

 to us, exists in space ; and whatever acts, acts in time, conditions 

 Consequently the properties of space and time are con- of all 

 ditions of all existence and of all action ; the laws under ° ' 

 which things exist and act cannot be proved, nor even 

 stated, without express or implied reference to the properties 

 of space and time. It results from this, that mathematics, ^ 

 which is the science of the laws of space and time, is the quently 

 necessary ground of physical science. To take the very "^^l H^^l 

 simplest instances : it would be impossible to prove, or ground of 

 even to state, the law of the parallelogram of forces, unless science. 



1 The word differevtiation is now generally used in this sense. Integration 

 is a parallel word to it, and is used in Spencer's Biology. 



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