896 APPENDIX No. IV. 



eacli other ; the coal-plants rendering the question of 

 light, and the ammonites that of heat, insuperable 

 objections to the admission of any received geological 

 hyi^othesis to account for the finding of such remains, 

 in situ, in latitudes so high as those of Melville Island, 

 Prince Patrick's Island, and Exmouth Island. 



V. — The Superficial Deposits. 



The surface of the ground, where exposed, through- 

 out the Arctic Arcliipelago, does not appear to be 

 covered with thick deposits of clay or gravel, such as 

 are found generally in the north of Europe, and re- 

 ferred by geologists to what they call " the Glacial 

 Epoch." There are not, however, wanting abundant 

 evidences of the transport of drift materials, and there 

 is some good evidence, collected by Captain M'Clintock, 

 of the du-ection in which the drift was moved. 



Specimens of granite, which I have no hesitation in 

 referring to the characteristic gxanite of the west side 

 of North Somerset, were found at Leopold Harbour 

 (North Somerset) and at Graham Moore Bay (Bathurst 

 Island) ; one of these localities is N.E, and the other 

 N.W. of the granite of North Somerset, from which I 

 infer that there was no constant prevailing dii'ection 

 for the drift ice that earned these boulders, but that 

 they were transported to the northward in various 

 directions, according to the varying motion of the 

 cun-ents that moved the ice. The boulder of granite at 

 Port Leopold is 100 miles N.E. of the granite which 

 gave origin to it ; and the specimens from Graham 

 Moore Bay are 190 miles to the N.W. of their source. 



At Cape Eennell (North Somerset), in a direction 

 intermediate between the two former directions, a re- 

 markable boulder of the same gi'anite was foimd, con- 

 firming the general direction of the transporting force 

 from south to north. Its position and size are thus 

 recorded by Captain M'Clintock : — " Near Cape Kennell 



