48 LECTURE II. 



brains, each affording a separate source of 

 nervous energy. 



On the other hand, it ought to be ob- 

 served, that all the vertebral nerves, sup- 

 plying parts over which the will exerts the 

 most perfect control, have ganglia at their 

 commencement ; and that the nerves of 

 the leg and arm form a plexus near their 

 origin. The actions of the cremaster muscle 

 are involuntary ; yet I believe it is sup- 

 plied by the same nerves, which supply 

 muscles that are subject to voluntary ac- 

 tions ; therefore this opinion does not appear 

 to me to be such as we should receive with 

 entire confidence. Again, it is further 

 apparent, that the functions of the abdo- 

 minal and other viscera are greatly affected 

 by disorders of the brain, and that the 

 brain is greatly affected by disorders of 

 these viscera. 



The ingenious and industrious French 

 anatomist, Bichat, has classed the living 

 functions into the organic and animal : the 



