ORNITHOLOGICAL BIOGRAPHY, 
OR AN ACCOUNT OF THE HABITS OF THE 
BIRDS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
ACCOMPANIED BY DESCRIPTIONS OF THE OBJECTS REPRESENTED 
IN THE WORK ENTITLED 
BIRDS OF AMERICA, 
TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF MANY 
OF THE SPECIES, ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD. 
BY JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, F.R.SS.L.&E. 
FELLOW OF THE LINNEAN AND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF LONDON ; MEMBER OF THE LYCEUM 
OF NEW YORK, OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF PARIS, THE WERNERIAN NATURAL 
HISTORY SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH, HONORAKY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NATURAL 
HISTORY OF MANCHESTER, AND OF THE SCOTTISH ACADEMY OF PAINTING, SCULPTURE, 
AND ARCHITECTURE 5 MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, OF THE 
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES AT PHILADELPHIA, OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETIES 
OF BOSTON, OF CHARLESTON IN SOUTH CAROLINA, THE QUEBEC LITERARY AND HISTORI- 
CAL SOCIETY, THE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, &c. &c. 
EDINBURGH : 
ADAM & CHARLES BLACK, EDINBURGH; 
LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN & LONGMANS, LONDON ; R. HAVELL, 
ENGRAVER, 77. OXFORD STREET, LONDON; ALEXANDER HILL, 
EDINBURGH ; AND GEORGE SMITH, LIVERPOOL. 
MDCCCXXXVITI. 
