TURNSTONE. 85 
Body rather full. Feet of moderate length, stout; tibia bare at the 
lower part, and covered with reticulated scales ; tarsus roundish, with 
numerous broad anterior scutella; toes four, the first very small, and 
placed higher than the rest; the anterior toes free to the base, dis- 
tinctly margined on both edges, the inner toe a little shorter than the 
outer, the third or middle toe considerably longer ; claws rather small, 
arcuate, compressed, blunted. 
Plumage full, soft, rather dense, and glossy ; feathers on the hind 
neck blended, and rather narrow, on the other parts ovate. Wings 
long, pointed, of moderate breadth: primaries with strong shafts, ra- 
ther broad, narrowed towards the end, the first longest, the rest rapidly 
decreasing ; outer secondaries incurved, obliquely rounded; inner elon- 
gated, one of them extending to half an inch of the tip of the longest 
primary, when the wing is closed. ‘Tail rather short, slightly rounded, 
of twelve moderately broad, rounded feathers. 
Bill black. Ivris hazel. Feet deep orange red, claws black. Plu- 
mage variegated with white, black, brown, and red. Upper parts of 
the head and nape streaked with black and reddish-white ; a broad band 
of white crosses the forehead, passes over the eyes, and down the sides 
of the neck, the hind-part of which is reddish-white faintly mottled 
with dusky ; a frontal band of black curves downwards before the eye, 
enclosing a white patch on the lore, and meeting another black band 
glossed with blue, which proceeds down the neck, from the base of the 
lower mandible, enlarging behind the ear, covering the whole anterior 
part of the neck, and passing along the shoulder over the scapulars; 
the throat, hind part of the back, the outer scapulars, upper tail-coverts, 
and the under parts of the body and wings, white. Anterior smaller 
wing-coverts dusky, the rest bright chestnut or brownish-orange, as are 
the outer webs of the inner tertiaries; alula, primary coverts, outer 
secondary coverts and quills blackish-brown, their inner webs becoming 
white towards the base; a broad band of white extends across the 
wing, including the bases of the primary quills, excepting the outer 
four, and the ends of the secondary coverts ; the shafts of the primaries 
white. Tail white, with a broad blackish-brown bar towards the end, 
broader in the middle, the tips white. A dusky band crosses the rump. 
Length to end of tail 9 inches, to end of wings 83, to end of claws 
10; extent of wings 182; along the ridge 9,4,, along the edge of lower 
mandible +4; wing from flexure 67;; tail 2;4; tarsus +3; hind toe 
c2 
