110 LONG-TAILED DUCK. 
In a male bird, the tongue is 1 inch and 5 twelfths long, papillate 
at the base,‘fleshy, with two rows of bristles along the edges. There’ 
are 35 lamellz on each side of the upper, and about 40 on the lower 
mandible. The cesophagus is 73 inches long, 7 twelfths in diameter 
at the upper part, towards the lower parts of the neck dilated to 1 inch, 
and continuing so to the end. The proventriculus is 1 inch 3 twelfths 
long, its glandules cylindrical and 2 twelfths long. The stomach is a 
very powerful gizzard, of a roundish form, 13 inch in length, 2 inches 
and 2 twelfths in breadth ; its tendons large; the right muscle 10 
twelfths, the left 11 twelfths in thickness. The cuticular lining is 
thick, and slightly rugous; the grinding plates thicker and denser. 
The contents of the stomach are small muscles and particles of quartz, 
some of which are 3 twelfths in diameter. The intestine is 5 feet 6 
inches long, its diameter nearly uniform, about 4 twelfths; the rectum 
enlarged to 5 twelfths, its length 23 inches. Coceca 4} inches long, 3 
twelfths in diameter, their extremity rounded; the cloaca globular, 
about 9 twelfths in diameter. 
The trachea, moderately extended, measures 6 inches in length, its 
breadth at the top 5 twelfths, about the middle 3% twelfths. The 
number of ordinary rings is 72; at the lower part there are 6 expanded 
rings which are broad posteriorly and on the sides, but extremely nar- 
row before ; beyond this is a solid bony expansion of 7 united rings, 
forming anteriorly a transversely oblong case, having a membrane 
in front. The contractor muscles are very large, for two inches at 
the top expanded over the fore part, sending off two cleido-tracheals, 
then passing down along the edges of the six enlarged rings, and ter- 
minating on the drum, where the sterno-tracheals come off. 
