322 - GOLDEN-EYE DUCK. 
While I was eating them, the bird returned, but no male was to be 
seen. Whether many of these birds breed within the limits of the 
Union I cannot tell. Dr Ricuarpson says they are abundant in the 
Fur Countries, and Dr Townsenp states, that they are plentiful on the 
Rocky Mountains and along the north-west coast of America. 
Of the changes which the young males undergo, nothing is known 
beyond the fact, that the young of both sexes resemble the adult fe- 
male, until the approach of the first spring, when their general migra- 
tion northward removes them from our observation. 
At the approach of spring, I have observed this species swell the 
throat and the feathers of the head, and emit their rough croaking 
notes very frequently. The males at this period become very pugna- 
cious, though, after all, they remove northward together, preceding the 
females for at least a fortnight. They usually spend the autumn and 
the earlier parts of winter separate from the females. These birds 
have, like the Goosanders, a habit of shaking their heads violently 
on emerging from the water Their flesh is fishy, and in my opinion 
unfit for being eaten, unless in cases of excessive hunger. The food 
of this species, while on fresh water, consists of fish of various kinds, 
mollusea, young frogs, tadpoles, crayfish, and, I believe, some kinds 
of grass. When on salt water, they feed principally on bivalves and 
fishes of different species. 
Anas Ciancuta, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 201.—ZLath. Ind. Ornith, vol. ii. p. 867. 
Male. 
Anas Graucion, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i. p..201.—Lath. Ind. Ornith. vol. ii. p. 867. 
Female and Young. 
GoLpDEN-EYE, Anas Craneuta, Wils. Amer. Ornith. vol. viii. p. 62, pl. 67, fig. 6. 
Furieurta Craneuta, Ch. Bonaparte, Synopsis of Birds of United States, p. 393. 
CLancuLA vuLeaRtIs, Common GoLDEN-EYE, Richards. and Swains. Fauna Bor.- 
Amer. vol. ii. p. 456. 
Common Go.LpENn-EYE, Nuttall, Manual, vol. ii. p. 441. 
Adult Male in winter. Plate CCCXLII. Fig. 1. 
Bill shorter than the head, deeper than broad at the base, graduai- 
ly depressed toward the end, which is rounded Upper mandible with 
the dorsal line straight and sloping to the middle, then slightly con- 
eave, and finally decurved; the ridge broad and rather concave at the 
base, narrowed between the nostrils, convex towards the end, the frontal 
