GADWALL DUCK. 357 
and claw 4; second toe 13, its claw 74; third toe 14, its claw 74 ; outer 
toe 174, its claw 74. Weight 1 lb. 10 oz. 
Adult Female. Plate CCCXLVIII. Fig. 2. 
The female is considerably smaller. Bill dusky along the ridge, 
dull yellowish-orange on the sides. Iris hazel. Feet of a fainter tint 
than in the male. Upper part of head brownish-black, the feathers 
edged with light reddish-brown ; a streak over the eye, the cheeks, the 
upper part of the neck all round, light yellowish-red tinged with grey, 
and marked with small longitudinal dusky streaks, which are fainter 
on the throat, that part being greyish-white ; the rest of the neck, the 
sides, all the upper parts and the lower rump feathers brownish-black 
broadly margined with yellowish-red. Wing-coverts brownish-grey, 
edged with paler ; the wing otherwise as in the male, but the speculum 
fainter. ‘lail-feathers, and their coverts dusky, laterally obliquely in- 
dented with pale brownish-red, and margined with reddish-white. 
Length to end of tail 19} inches, to end of wings 1832, to end of 
claws 194; extent of wings 31; wing from flexure 8}; tail 33; tarsus 
144 ; middle toe 124, its claw +. 
In a male, the roof of the mouth is deeply concave, with a promi- 
nent median ridge, and oblique grooves toward the end. The tongue 
is 1 inch 10 twelfths long, fleshy, with a deep longitudinal groove, two 
lateral series of filaments, and a thin broadly rounded tip, as in other 
ducks. The cesophagus, a, b, is 103 inches long, 5 twelfths in diame- 
ter for about four inches, then enlarged to 10 twelfths, and again con- 
tracted as it enters the thorax. The proventriculus, 6 6, is 1 inch and 
two twelfths long, its greatest diameter 8 twelfths. The stomach, cde, 
is a very large and powerful gizzard, of an elliptical form, compressed, 
1 inch and 9 twelfths long, 2 inches in its greatest breadth, or in the 
direction of the lateral muscles, of which the right, ¢, is 10 twelfths 
thick, the left, d, 9 twelfths. The epithelium is thick and rugous; 
much thickened and forming two roundish, flat or slightly concave grind- 
ing surfaces, opposite the muscles. The intestine, ¢fg, is 6 feet 10 
inches long, wide, its diameter for 2 feet being 43 twelfths, towards the 
rectum enlarging to 6 twelfths. It forms first a very long duodenal 
curve, ce fg, and is then convoluted or coiled in numerous folds. The 
rectum is 54 inches long; the cceca 11 inches, their greatest diameter 
